1. Advanced Literary Terms

2. Anaphora Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of the line. This royal throne of kings… This earth of majesty… This other Eden… This fortress built…

3. Antithesis A balanced, paralleled structure of contrasting ideas. Examples: It was the best of times; it was the worst of times. Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.

4. Apostrophe Address to something inanimate, usually carrying heavy emotion. Examples: O, my soul, where you stand… Hail to thee, blithe spirit!

5. Assonance Repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, but usually with different ending consonant sounds. Examples: Lake and fate Produced and abused Hook and took

6. Asyndeton Removed conjunctions to give phrases or groups of words a faster pace. “I came, I saw, I conquered.”

7. Consonance Where the end consonants agree but the preceding vowels are not in agreement. River and ever Heaven and given Up and step

8. Dialect Language or way of speech of a particular region. What’s yinz doin? You betcha Y’all

9. Litote A figure of speech that emphasizes its subject by conscious understatement. Usually states the negative of its opposite. Examples: 1. Not bad = good 2. Little profits = no profits at all.

10. Metonymy The substitution of the name of an object closely associated with a word for itself. The crown = the monarchy The White House announced today = the government

11. Overstatement = Hyperbole Exaggerated overstatement. I’m starving I’m so hungry I can eat a horse. The shot heard round the world.

12. Synecdoche When a part is used to signify the whole. Usually distinguished by the item standing for the whole should be a significant/important part of the whole and directly associated with it. All hands on deck! Nice threads that you have on today.

13. Understatement A figure of speech which defectively falls short of the magnitude of what is being talked about. Litotes, although a form of understatement, work with negative/opposite terminology. "It's just a flesh wound." (Black Knight, after having both of his arms cut off, in Monty Python and the Holy Grail)