1. Groundwater 6 th

2. Ground Water What if you dump a bucket of water on the ground what will happen? Depends on the Ground!!!

3. Permeability If you dump water in a parking lot it will puddle up and eventually evaporate If you dump the water in your front yard the water will seep into the ground through the cracks between soil particles

4. Impermeable vs. Permeable The hard asphalt of the parking lot is Impermeable meaning that water can not flow through it The Ground in the front yard is softer and is Permeable, meaning the water can flow into the ground.

5. More examples Impermeable : Clay and Granite Permeable: Sand, Soil, and Gravel.

6. Water Zones Once the water flowing through a permeable material reaches an impermeable material the area begins to fill with water (think of filling a glass of water) Impermeable Water begins to rise

7. Water zones Once a permeable area is full this area is known as a Saturated zone The top of a saturated zone is called the water table The permeable area above the water table is called the unsaturated zone

8. Looking back at our glass of water Unsaturated zone Water table Saturated zone

9. Bringing up Ground water Aquifer- the layer of permeable rock that holds water (in our glass of water example, the glass itself would be the aquifer) The water table moves up and down with in the aquifer depending on how much water is present.

10. Wells Well- a hole dug into the ground that penetrates the water table and then pumps water to the surface. Dry well- when a well no longer penetrates the water table no more water can be pumped from the ground. – A well will go dry if you over pump water depleting the amount of water in the aquifer and lowering the water table

11. Artesian well When water is trapped between two impermeable materials and you puncture the top layer of rock the pressure of the rocks above will force the water to the surface with out the need for a pump

12. Springs and Geysers The Natural occurrence of ground water flowing to the surface When ground water begins to heat up under ground it builds up pressure and flows to the surface.