2. Comparison of Features relative to one another ABSOLUTE
GEOLOGIC TIME (AGE)
RELATIVE
Comparison of Features relative to one another
ABSOLUTE
Establish or determine numerical dates for Features
Figure 8.5a

3. LAWS (PRINCIPALS) OF DETERMINING RELATIVE AGE
ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY
LATERAL CONTINUITY
SUPERPOSITION
UNCONFORMITIES (WITH 3 ABOVE)
INCLUSIONS
Erosional (“float”)
Igneous Intrusions
CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES
Faults
Unconformities
Figure 8.5a

4. Figure 8.5a

5. UNCONFORMITIES
Figure 8.1

6. ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY & SUPERPOSITIOND C B A
Figure 8.2
ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY & SUPERPOSITION

7. ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION & INCLUSIONSB A
Figure 8.3
ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION & INCLUSIONS

8. ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, & INCLUSIONSD C B A
Figure 8.4
ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, & INCLUSIONS

9. H G F E D C B A
Figure 8.5b
ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES, & INCLUSIONS

10. CROSS-CUTTING FEATURESB A
Figure 8.6
CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES

11. F E D C B A
Figure 8.7
ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES, & INCLUSIONS

12. F E D C B A
Figure 8.9
ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY, SUPERPOSITION, UNCONFORMITIES, CROSS-CUTTING FEATURES, & INCLUSIONS

13. Look at overall picture and see where the oldest units are.
PUZZLE:
Look at overall picture and see where the oldest units are.
Work your way “upward” from oldest to youngest looking at the relational features using the “principals”
UnFigure Pg219_1a

14. Figure 8.11

15. Figure 8.11a

16. Figure 8.11b

17. Carbon-14; Half-life = 5,730 Years; 12.5% of C-14 Left.
Figure 8.11c
Carbon-14; Half-life = 5,730 Years; 12.5% of C-14 Left.
# Half-lifes? Age?
3 Half-lives: 3 x 5,730 years = 17,190 years

18. UnFigure Pg223
PAGE 223

19. ACTIVITIES
8.2: A, B
8.4: A, B, C, D(1), E
8.5: A
Figure 8.5a