1. Lesson: Atoms

2. Elements are made up of one type of atom.
Gold nuggets are made up of gold atoms.
Gold nuggets
A sheet of copper is made up of copper atoms.
Sheet of copper

3. Remember, elements are listed on the Periodic Table.
If a substance is listed on the Periodic Table, it is an element e.g. copper (Cu) and gold (Au).
Can you name any other elements?

4. Part of the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table tells us about the atoms that make up the elements.
Part of the Periodic Table 2 He 10 Ne 18 Ar
Some non-metals

5. Atoms are extremely small.
Each full stop in your textbook contains more than 1000 million atoms.

6. Each atom is made up of smaller parts called sub-atomic particles.
There are three types of sub-atomic particle:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

7. A diagram of an atom nucleus electrons neutrons
The size of the nucleus is large to make the diagram easier to draw and understand. In reality, the nucleus is much smaller relative to the size of the atom.
protons

8. A diagram of an atom
nucleus
electrons
neutrons
protons

9. The three types of sub-atomic particles are found in different parts of an atom
Protons are found in the nucleus.
Neutrons are found in the nucleus.
Electrons orbit around the nucleus.

10. A diagram of an atom nucleus electrons orbit in shells neutrons
in the nucleus
protons
in the nucleus

11. The three types of sub-atomic particles have different masses
Protons are 1 amu.
Neutrons are 1 amu.
Electrons are 1/1840 amu.
amu = atomic mass unit

12. A diagram of an atom nucleus electrons orbit in shells 1/1840 amu
neutrons
1 amu
protons
1 amu

13. The three types of sub-atomic particles have different charges.
Protons are positive.
Neutrons are neutral.
Electrons are negative.

14. A diagram of an atom nucleus electrons orbit on shells negative
neutrons
neutral
protons
positive

15. Review Questions 1. Label each part in the diagram.
2. What is the charge
of each particle? A D B
protons C

16. Question to think about!
oxygen
How do atoms fit together?
hydrogen
A water molecule containing two hydrogen atoms chemically combined to one oxygen atom.
A water molecule containing two hydrogen atoms chemically combined to one oxygen atom.