1. Flapping Machine by Leonardo da Vinci Euridice Giambanis Lisette Groot Armando Bajares ESST- November 1 st 2002

2. 01/11/02 Topics of Discussion 1 st Approach: 1 st Approach: Leonardo’ s life in the Renaissance 2 nd Approach: 2 nd Approach: Aviation History Conclusion Conclusion

3. 01/11/02 Flapping Machine Leonardo starts drawings at 1496. Contains studies for mechanical flight. Flier’s feet drive alternatively two ropes wound over the rims of two pulleys, to which the wing tips are tied.

4. 01/11/02 1 st Approach: Flapping machine in the framework of Leonardo’s life Leonardo lived in the Renaissance period Some called him “genius” (architect, sculptor, painter, scientist, e.t.c.) Talented personality Highly-estimated person

5. 01/11/02 1 st Approach: Flapping machine in the framework of Leonardo’s life There is no boundary between Science and Art An effort to understand how the nature works Flapping machine was a method to expand his knowledge

6. 01/11/02 2 nd Approach: Flapping Machine in Aviation history From Icarus & Daedalus to Wright Brothers’ first airplane How birds fly, construction of the wing Ornithopterus with flapping wings moved by human power

7. 01/11/02 2 nd Approach: Flapping Machine in Aviation history Flapping machine as a piece of engineering Nowadays it is a technological invention for the aviation history

8. 01/11/02 History of aviation Wright brothers Renaissance period STS view Approaches to technological inventions Mona Lisa Anatomy studies Flapping Machine War machines Leonardo’s life

9. 01/11/02 Conclusion Every scientific or historical event can be interpreted in different ways as it is always depended on the perspective with which it is analyzed.

10. 01/11/02 Conclusion From our point of view the FM represents: an invention in a particular historical context, with different meanings for different fields in the history of Scientific and Technological developments.