2. Passenger/Item Detection System for Vehicles Dec03-05 members Jason Adams Ryan Anderson Jason Bogh Brett Sternberg Acknowledgements Clive Woods – Advisor Heart of Iowa Regional Transportation Agency (HIRTA) - Client

3. Presentation Outline Problem Statement Objectives & Constraints Accomplishments Technical Approach System Design Implementation & Testing Costs Projected Dates

4. Problem Statement Prevent passengers from being locked on the bus. Need for automatic detection system

5. Detection System Process Function automatically Accurately detect passenger Alert bus driver of passenger Generalized Project Criteria Versatile with other bus models Robust Self-diagnostic Fail safe Moderate in cost

6. Passenger Detection System The passenger detection system is divided into two parts: Floor o Optoelectronics Seats o Pressure Sensors

7. Operating Environment Transient bus Vibrations - Bus’s engine - Roadways traveled Environmental elements - Dust - Dirt - Moisture Normal temperatures Withstand pressure given off by passengers

8. Intended Users/Uses Users male or female adult commercial driver’s license no discrimination on the basis of sex, ethnic background, physical size, or disability able to operate the commercial vehicle according to the laws of the state. Uses automatically detect remaining passengers and possible items alarm driver of the situation before he or she has fully exited the bus.

9. Assumptions Will be used on a transient bus Occupancy ranges from one to seventy-five passengers System off while bus is running System starts when bus shuts off Automatic Versatile Pressure sensors cover all seats LED’s attenuation is eight to ten feet Photodiode sensitive to LED only

10. Limitations Cost not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars Power for the system comes from bus’s battery Structure of the bus Response time Self-operational Operating environment Spectrum of LED

11. End Product and Other Deliverables Passenger detection system –Seat pressure system –Floor optical system Installation directions Technical specifications for parts End product design report –Cost analysis report

12. Objectives/ Constraints

13. Design Objectives  Self-automated – Develop a solution that starts up and shuts off without the interaction of the bus driver.  Energy efficient – Develop a solution that ideally requires no other power source besides the bus battery.  Thorough visibility – Develop a solution that can thoroughly check every part of the bus for passenger(s) or item(s).  Speedy detection – Develop a solution that alerts the driver of passenger(s) or item(s) before he/she is off the bus.  Fail-safe – Develop a solution that will always gets the drivers attention as to alert of onboard passenger(s) or item(s).

14. Functional Objectives Passenger warning system – System will warn the bus driver of still onboard passenger(s) when the bus is shut off. Item warning system – System will warn the bus driver of still onboard item(s), at least as large as a small purse, when the bus is shut off. Automatic power-on and power-off – System will start automatically upon bus turning off and then shutdown when the bus is started.

15. Design Constraints  Physical properties – System should not be restrictive, distracting, or discomforting to the driver and passengers.  Size – System should not interfere with normal bus operations.  Fail-safe – System should never neglect to alert if a passenger is present when the bus is shut off.  Power consumption – Power from the system must come from a 12- volt battery.  Response time – System will need to respond within 3-7 seconds of the bus being shut off.

16. Design Constraints Cont’d Robust – System may be exposed to the elements and anything tracked on by passengers such as: rain, snow, mud, dust, and dirt. Flexible – Design implementation must be supported for several bus designs. Cost effective – If system cost is over $100, some type of funding must be provided.

17. Present Accomplishments Technical Research Completed (95%) Determined Technologies Used Presented to HIRTA In Process of Ordering Parts

18. Technical Approach Light Sensitive Resistors Pyrometers Ultra-sonic signature Pressure sensors Optical counters Magnetic counters Infrared LED (emitter) Photodiode (detector) Weight Systems Piezoelectric sensors Analog alarm system Digital display system

19. Technical Approach Results Hybrid system Seats - force sensitive resistors Floor - infrared emitters / photodiode detectors

20. System Design Part I: Pressure Sensors

21. Purpose: To detect a left behind passenger and/or item located on the seats. Basic Operation: If pressure is detected on the sensor then an analog signal is output triggering the alarm. Pressure Sensors

22. Force Sensitive Resistor Sensors Wiring Buzzer Alarm System

23. Benefits: Low maintenance Hidden (Will not alter the aesthetics of the bus) Easy installation Pressure Sensors

24. Drawbacks: More expensive than optics More difficult to replace Pressure Sensors

25. System Design Part II: Optics

26. Optics Purpose: To detect a left behind passenger and/or item located on the floor. To detect a left behind passengers in a wheelchair Basic Operation: Emitted light that is blocked will cause the alarm to be triggered

27. Optics General Layout: Emitter Detector Light

28. Optics Why Infrared light? -So the detection system is not mislead by ambient light -Optical system designed to only recognize infrared light -To maintain a failsafe detection system

29. Optics Benefits: Low Cost Small (Will not alter the aesthetics of the bus) Very low maintenance System does not impose any health risk

30. Optics Drawbacks: Tampering with may cause issues Solution: Enclose in box-type structure -When bus is running does not need to detect. Implement electronic shutter. Emitter or Detector

31. Optics Drawbacks (cont.): Power consumption -May drain battery if left on too long Solution: Implement a timer or delay -Only need to detect for about a minute or two.

32. Alarm Both the pressure sensors and optics will be able to trigger the alarm Alarm in consideration has the following features: -75 dB buzzer -Tone rated at 300 to 500 Hz Some other sound levels -Rustle of leaves--------------->10 dB -Conversation--------------->60 dB -Rock Concert--------------->110 dB -Jet Engine--------------->130 dB Will implement a kill switch viewable to the bus driver

33. Implementation/ Testing

34. Assemble prototype Test in laboratory setting Test on supplied HIRTA bus

35. Cost Analysis

36. B U S T Y P E 1

37. B U S T Y P E 2

38. B U S T Y P E 3

39. B U S T Y P E 4

40. Projected Dates 8/1/2003: Parts Ordered and Received 9/25/2003: Prototype Implemented 10/20/2003: Finish Prototype Testing 10/30/2003: Implement in Bus Environment 12/15/2003: Finished Product

41. Questions?