1. SDN, open-source and ONOS Nick McKeown Stanford University

2. What is happening?

3. 1.The rise of open-source software 2.The rise of merchant switching chips 3.The need for operators to reduce cost and differentiate

4. Software in 2014 Smartphone: Open 75%, Closed 25% Browser: Open 63%, Closed 37% Websites: Open 67%, Closed 33% DC servers: Open 70%, Closed 30% Tablet: Open 62%, Closed 38% Mainframes: Open 60%, Closed 40% Supercomputers: Open 99% Open-source still growing fast 4

5. Why open-source Many more developers and QA More agile, reliable and secure Used where essential but “non-differentiating” 5

6. “Software will eat the world” Marc Andreessen 6

7. 1.The rise of open-source software 2.The rise of merchant switching chips 3.The need for operators to reduce cost and differentiate

8. 2012: The baremetal switch Sheet metal DRAMCPU Power supply + fans Linux xChip

9. Programmable h/w + open-source + apps Sheet metal DRAMCPU Power supply + fans Linux xChip Open-source P4 App Proprietary Software Programmable Hardware Open-source Software

10. It’s happening fast!

11. OCP: Wedge switch 11 BCM xChip: 1.2Tb/s

12. DRAMCPU Power supply + fans Linux xChip Optional Remote API Open-source ONL API/Driver Open-source OF-DPA Open-source P4 Forwarding Agent Open-source FBOSS, OVS, Indigo, SwLight. Network Control Plane Open-source ONOS, ODL NOX, POX, Ryu Floodlight, Beacon Open-source ONIE Boot Loader App Proprietary Software

13. 1.The rise of open-source software 2.The rise of merchant switching chips 3.The need for operators to reduce cost and differentiate

14. The Problem Global IP traffic growing 40-50% per year End-customer monthly bill remains unchanged Therefore, cost of ownership needs to reduce 40-50% per Gb/s per year But in practice, reduces by <20% per year $30/month time Growth in traffic Revenue Total cost

15. Simpler hardware + open-source + apps 1.Reduce capital cost Move to simpler hardware + open-source control plane 2.Reduce operational cost Streamline protocols, features and software 3.Increase price Differentiate with new proprietary software services

16. The Internet was deliberately designed … To be simple and streamlined. To have decentralized control: Lots of individually controlled pieces. Which led to … Explosive organic growth of the Internet. A great business for companies selling routers. simple and streamlined A great business

17. Strategy 1: Vertical integration Proprietary Operating System Proprietary Operating System Proprietary Hardware Proprietary Hardware Proprietary Features Proprietary Features “CLI” Network Management

18. Strategy 2: High barrier to entry

19. Number of published Internet Standards

20. 50+ million lines of code Tens of billions of gates “Great business” triumphed over “simple and streamlined”. Proprietary Operating System Proprietary Operating System Proprietary Hardware Proprietary Hardware Proprietary Features Proprietary Features

21. SDN and NFV inevitable because… 1.Rise of Linux. 2.Rise of simpler servers and switches. 3.NFV: Rise of virtualization. 4.SDN: Rise of merchant switching silicon. 21

22. Software Defined Network (SDN) Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Control Global Network Map Remote Control Plane Control Program Control Program Control Program

23. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Middlebox Public Internet

24. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Middlebox Public Internet VM Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding

25. 25 Server Switch Radio VM Linux Programmable Hardware Open Source Software PIC Linux (Remote) Open Source Control Plane Routing, Traffic Engineering, Mobility, VPN Routing, Traffic Engineering, Mobility, VPN Proprietary Software DPI, Load Balance, SPAM New Services Overall System Management

26. Why ONOS? 1.Network operators need an open-source control plane (it is non-differentiating) 2.…with HA and scalability built-in from the ground-up 3.Which is why we are here today

27. “Because there is no army that can hold back an economic principle whose time has come.” John Donovan, AT&T (2014) 27

28. When we look back in 20 years… 1.“Software will eat the world” – SDN and NFV are a natural consequence of a bigger trend. 2.Network infrastructure will be: – Simpler hardware + open-source infrastructure + proprietary apps 3.Network operators will have developed and will own proprietary software 4.Standards will still matter, but with diminished value 28

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