1. The Big Bang How our Solar System was formed.

2. How big are you?

3. Now How Big?

4. And Now…?

5. Sun vs. Earth Sun=1 million Earths Sun=1 million Earths If Earth was a golf ball, Sun would be 15 ft in diameter If Earth was a golf ball, Sun would be 15 ft in diameter 960, 000 golf balls could fit in it, enough to fill a school bus 960, 000 golf balls could fit in it, enough to fill a school bus

6. Betelguese

7. Earth vs. Betelgeuse IF Earth a golf ball, it would be 6 Empire State buildings IF Earth a golf ball, it would be 6 Empire State buildings Enough golf balls to fill Superdome 3,000 times Enough golf balls to fill Superdome 3,000 times

8. Canis Majoris

9. Earth vs. Canis Majoris If Earth a golf ball=Mt. Everest If Earth a golf ball=Mt. Everest Mt. Everest rises 6 miles above sea level Mt. Everest rises 6 miles above sea level Fit 7 quadrillion Earth’s into Canis Majoris Fit 7 quadrillion Earth’s into Canis Majoris Fill Texas with golf balls 22 inches deep Fill Texas with golf balls 22 inches deep

10. What is a quadrillion? 1 million seconds ago=12 days ago 1 million seconds ago=12 days ago 1 billion seconds ago=May, 1975 1 billion seconds ago=May, 1975 1 trillion seconds ago=29,700 B.C. 1 trillion seconds ago=29,700 B.C. 1 quadrillion seconds ago=30, 800,000 years ago 1 quadrillion seconds ago=30, 800,000 years ago 7 quadrillion Earth’s fit inside Canis Majoris (Dog Star) 7 quadrillion Earth’s fit inside Canis Majoris (Dog Star)

11. What is the Big Bang? A Big explosion 20 billion years ago that started the universe. A Big explosion 20 billion years ago that started the universe. In the first second gravity and other forces are formed. In the first second gravity and other forces are formed. In 3 minutes: 98% of the matter that will ever be has been produced. In 3 minutes: 98% of the matter that will ever be has been produced. 300,000 years: electrons and protons form atoms. 300,000 years: electrons and protons form atoms.

12. Big Bang Continued After 1 billion years, gravity causes Hydrogen and Helium to form. After 1 billion years, gravity causes Hydrogen and Helium to form. These elements form galaxies and stars. These elements form galaxies and stars. When these first stars die, they implode. When these first stars die, they implode. This forms enough heat to make the heavier elements. This forms enough heat to make the heavier elements. THERE WAS NO SPACE BEFORE THIS! THERE WAS NO SPACE BEFORE THIS!

13. Clouds of gas and dust would form spinning disk.

15. Our Solar System Gas in the center becomes hot and dense enough for nuclear fusion (burning hydrogen into helium) to begin. Gas in the center becomes hot and dense enough for nuclear fusion (burning hydrogen into helium) to begin. This made the Sun. This made the Sun. As it condensed, it spun faster, slinging heavier elements and gas outward. As it condensed, it spun faster, slinging heavier elements and gas outward. Heavier elements cooled first, making terrestrial planets. Heavier elements cooled first, making terrestrial planets. Next, gases cooled, forming Gas Giants Next, gases cooled, forming Gas Giants

16. How do we know? Edwin Hubble used the red shift of stars called: Doppler Shift. Edwin Hubble used the red shift of stars called: Doppler Shift. Hubble’s Law: the farther something was from Earth, the faster away it was moving. Hubble’s Law: the farther something was from Earth, the faster away it was moving. Let’s see how that would work. Let’s see how that would work. http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/astro_ demos/frameset_moon.html http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/astro_ demos/frameset_moon.html

17. Big Bang Balloon Procedure: Procedure: Blow up your balloon to about 4 inches in diameter, do not tie end. Blow up your balloon to about 4 inches in diameter, do not tie end. Take marker and make six dots, scatter them on balloon. Label one home and the others A,B,C,D,E. Take marker and make six dots, scatter them on balloon. Label one home and the others A,B,C,D,E. Measure and record how far away they are with the string. Put measurements in the data table. Measure and record how far away they are with the string. Put measurements in the data table. Blow up balloon another 2 inches (to 6”). Measure and record the distances. Blow up balloon another 2 inches (to 6”). Measure and record the distances. Repeat three more times. Repeat three more times. Answer the questions on your lab sheet. Answer the questions on your lab sheet.

18. Analysis How did the distance from the home dot to each of the other dots (galaxies) change each time you inflated the balloon? How did the distance from the home dot to each of the other dots (galaxies) change each time you inflated the balloon? Did the galaxies near home or those farther away appear to move the greatest distance? Did the galaxies near home or those farther away appear to move the greatest distance? How do you think that Hubble's Law: (the farther something is from Earth, the faster it seemed to be moving away), helped explain the Big Bang Theory? How do you think that Hubble's Law: (the farther something is from Earth, the faster it seemed to be moving away), helped explain the Big Bang Theory?