1. TCP/IP History 1970 – ARPANET started using Network Control Protocol
1972 – Telnet was implemented
1973 – FTP was introduced
1974 – TCP was specified
1981 – IP was specified
1983 – ARPANET changed to TCP/IP
1984 – DNS was introduced
1993 – WWW invented

2. Internet Growth Trends
1977: 111 hosts on Internet
1981: 213 hosts
1983: 562 hosts
1984: 1,000 hosts
1986: 5,000 hosts
1987: 10,000 hosts
1989: 100,000 hosts
1992: 1,000,000 hosts
2001: 150 – 175 million hosts
2002: over 200 million hosts
By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

3. A Brief Summary of the Evolution of the Internet
Age of
eCommerce
Begins
1995
Mosaic
Created
1993
WWW
Created
1989
Internet
Named
and
Goes
TCP/IP
1984
TCP/IP
Created
1972
ARPANET
1969
Hypertext
Invented
1965
Packet
Switching
Invented
1964
First Vast
Computer
Network
Envisioned
1962
Silicon
Chip
1958 A
Mathematical
Theory of
Communication
1948
Memex
Conceived
1945
1945

4. The Ever-changing Internet
Different colors based on IP address

5. The Internet Standard Process
The Internet Society (ISOC). A group of volunteers who manages the standards of TCP/IP
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is the technical advisory group of ISOC, and responsible for setting standards, publishing RFCs and overseeing the Internet Standards process.
RFCs. A document written by anyone, a standard suggestion, read and tested by the ISOC. Each RFC is assigned a number. A RFC is never updated, but a new RFC is created.

6. RFC Classifications
Required. Must be implemented on all TCP/IP-based hosts and gateways.
Recommended. It’s encouraged that this is implemented.
Elective.
Limited use. Not a general implementation.
Not recommended. Must not be implemented.

7. RFC Maturity level
Proposed Standard. Valuable, due to the interest from the community
Draft Standard. Stable and good.
Internet Standard. A significant benefit to the Internet.

8. TCP/IP un Internets RFC 1-3542 RIPE, ARIN, APNIC ICANN
RIPE, ARIN, APNIC
ICANN

9. TCP/IP protokolu kopa

10. TCP/IP un ISO OSI modelis

11. IPv4 pakete: RFC 791 (1981) Ver. Time to Live Source Address
Total Length
Type of
Service
Hdr
Len
Identification
Fragment
Offset
Flg
Protocol
Header
Checksum
Destination Address
Options...

12. IPv4 pakete: RFC 791 (1981)

13. Type of Service (TOS) Precedence DiffServ – QoS mehānisms
IP telefonija (VoIP)
Video Streaming
etc.

14. IP paketes fragmentēšana

15. Protokoli

16. IP Opcijas
Source Routing - If known, the actual route to be followed through the network may be specified as a list of routers
Route Record - records the addresses of the routers visited by the datagram
Stream Identification - allows source to indicate the type of data being carried - samples of speech
Timestamp - the source and intermediate routers add a timestamp to the data

22. Ping options C:\NET>tracert www.delfi.lv
C:\NET>ping
Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]
[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]
[-w timeout] target_name
Options:
-t Ping the specified host until stopped.
To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;
To stop - type Control-C.
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count Number of echo requests to send.
-l size Send buffer size.
-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.
-i TTL Time To Live.
-v TOS Type Of Service.
-r count Record route for count hops.
-s count Timestamp for count hops.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
C:\NET>
Ping options
C:\NET>tracert
Tracing route to [ ]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
ms ms ms
ms ms ms iveta.tkom.lv [ ]
ms ms ms iveta.tkom.lv [ ]
ms ms ms
ms ms ms
ms ms ms
ms ms ms rev2.delfi.lv [ ]
Trace complete.
C:\NET>ping -r 9
Pinging [ ] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from : bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=58
Route: >
>
>
>
>
Reply from : bytes=32 time=21ms TTL=58

23. IPv6 Pakete: RFC 1883 (1995) Ver. Traffic Class Flow Label Flow Label
Hdr
Len
Hdr
Len
Type of
Service
Total Length
Payload Length
Next
Header
Hop
Limit
Identification
Identification
Flg
Flg
Fragment
Offset
Fragment
Offset
Source Address
Time to
Live
Protocol
Header
Checksum
Header
Checksum
Source Address
Destination Address
FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
Options...
Options...
Destination Address
shaded fields have no equivalent in the
other version
IPv6 header is twice as long (40 bytes) as
IPv4 header without options (20 bytes)
1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A

24. IPv6 Timeline Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2007
2004
2003
2000
2001
2002
2005
2006
Early adopter
Appl. Porting <= Duration 3+ yrs.
=>
adoption <= Dur. 3+ yrs.
ISP
=>
Consumer adoption <= Dur. 5+ yrs.
=>
Enterprise adopt.
<= 3+ yrs. =>