1. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Global Coral Reef Alliance A non-profit corporation dedicated to growing, protecting and managing the most threatened of all marine ecosystems —Coral Reefs

2. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Coral Reefs – Support, Nurture, Protect, Provide

3. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Reefs are dying all over the world

4. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Today, 65% of the worlds reefs are dying (US Coral Reef Task Force, NOAA)

5. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Why are reefs dying? Rising water temperatures Sewage flows Eutrophication Disease Dredging Dynamite Cyanide fishing Bleaching Physical damage

6. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Consider Cancun Only 12 families lived on this forested island until the 1970s Then the tourist industry arrived Today, 2.6 million people visit Cancun each year The island is bare, its forests long gone Sewage facilities process only one-quarter of the daily flow The rest goes straight into the sea

7. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Reefs are often covered with algae

8. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Algae comes in green, brown and red Bay Islands, Honduras, 2000

9. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance It smothers and kills healthy coral

10. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Algae growth is often followed by Yellow-band disease

11. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Bleaching is usually caused by rising ocean temperatures

12. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Tissue is visible in the absence of symbiotic algae

13. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Corals worldwide suffer from bleaching Bonaire, 2001

14. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance BLEACHED CORAL NEW GUINEA

15. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Physical damage is everywhere Bay Islands, Honduras, 2003

16. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Cyanide fishing kills coral HealthyAfter cyanide exposure

17. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Elkhorn and anchors don’t mix Bay Islands, Honduras, 2003

18. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance When reefs die… Fish populations disappear Fishermen lose their livelihood Beaches and shorelines wash away Land areas erode from waves Tourists find somewhere else to dive Local economies can be devastated

19. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance A solution for corals in peril Biorock™ Process

20. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance The Biorock™ Process Corals thrive. Even where water quality is poor

21. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Biorock™/ Mineral Accretion On underwater, conductive structures we assemble a positively charged anode and a negatively charged cathode (structure) Apply a low voltage electric current between them –Safe for swimmers Which causes minerals to crystallize from seawater onto structures Calcium carbonate, white limestone (CaCO3) is formed –Similar to natural coral reefs and tropical white sand Corals adhere to limestone and grow quickly

22. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance How a Biorock™ Reef works Cathode (-) Conductive Structure Anode (+) Solar collector or other power supply (CaCO3) When a positively charged anode and a negatively charged cathode are suspended in sea water with an electric current flowing between them, calcium ions combine with carbonate ions and adhere to the structure (cathode). The result is calcium carbonate. Corals adhere to CaCO3 and grow quickly. Coral Fragments

23. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Rebar can be welded in any shape

24. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance When the materials are fully assembled…

25. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance We float it into position

26. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance We attach the electric cables

27. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Calcium carbonate quickly forms on the structure

28. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance We make the frame ready for coral

29. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance We wire naturally broken pieces of coral to the structure

30. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Coral fragments soon cover the frame

31. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance We monitor coral growth

32. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Barnacle Reef, Maldives, 1997

33. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Barnacle Reef A year later, 1998

34. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Barnacle Reef, 3 years growth

35. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Corals are robust and healthy

36. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Fish populations move in

37. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance The new marine ecosystem is both balanced and healthy

38. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Biorock™ Reefs attract divers

39. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Biorock™ Reefs around the world Indonesia, Bali and Komodo Jamaica Maldives, Ihuru and Vabbinfaru Mexico, Yucatan Panama, San Blas Islands Papua New Guinea Saya de Malha Seychelles Thailand, Phuket Palau * * * * * * *

40. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance GCRA Projects have won international awards The SKAL award for the best Underwater Ecotourism project worldwide. KONAS Indonesian National Award for best community-based coastal zone management Theodore Sperry Award, the top prize of the Society for Ecological Restoration Maldives Environment Award

41. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Biorock™ Press Shock treatment for coral restoration By Clark Boyd Technology correspondent Coral reefs around the world are disappearing. In many places, more than 90% of corals have bleached or died. But an effort is under way to re-grow corals by giving them a bit of electro-shock therapy. It may be too late to save many of the corals Marine biologist Tom Goreau knows coral. He has been diving among the reefs since before he could walk. As the director of the Global Coral Reef Alliance, he is passionate about how extraordinary corals are

42. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance GCRA projects Build, restore and maintain coral reefs in communities worst affected by loss of reefs Build reefs for tourism Breakwaters for shore protection Mariculture—Oysters Consultation—Diseases, conservation, rehabilitation

43. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Funding Small cash donations from private individuals and businesses Valuable in-kind donations from the communities with which the GCRA has worked. To date……. No Salaries are drawn from GCRA funding

44. GCRA Global Coral Reef Alliance Global Coral Reef Alliance Associates Jon Allen, GCRA Board of Directors, research engineer and instrumentation designer Yos Amerta, Bali programs Max Benjamin, Papua New Guinea programs Jude Bijoux, Seychelles programs James Cervino, Coral physiologist, field and laboratory analysis Dan & Stefanie Clark, Florida programs Gabriel Despaigne, Panama programs Gerardo Garcia, Mexico programs Marina Goreau, Children's program Tom Goreau, GCRA President Azeez. A. Hakeem, Maldives programs Ray Hayes, GCRA Board of Advisors, coral health Wolf Hilbertz, Reef Restoration Jeff Houdret, GCRA Board of Advisors, marketing advisor, web issues Narayana, Bali programs Dr. Steven Orzack, GCRA Board of Directors, Director of the Fresh Pond Research Institute Niphon Phongsuwan, Thailand programs Cody Shwaiko, Komodo programs Roque Solis, Panama programs Dr. Robert K. Trench. Retired professor of biology at University of California at Santa Barbara Ernest Williams, GCRA Board of Directors, Coral diseases