1. Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Running Injuries: A Biomechanical Approach*† by TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 80(8):1220-33 August 1, 1998 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. Fig. 1 Distribution of the most common sites of injury in 180 distance runners15. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. Fig. 2 Diagram depicting forward locomotion in humans. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

4. Figs. 3-A through 3-D: Diagrams depicting the gait cycle. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

5. Figs. 3-A and 3-B: Diagrams depicting a walking figure and the phases of the walking-gait cycle. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

6. Figs. 3-C and 3-D: Diagrams depicting a running figure and the phases of the running-gait cycle. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

7. Figs. 3-C and 3-D: Diagrams depicting a running figure and the phases of the running-gait cycle. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

8. Fig. 4 Diagrams depicting the periods of double support (DS) and double float (DF) during walking, running, and sprinting. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

9. Fig. 5 Graphs showing the interactions between potential and kinetic energy during walking and running. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

10. Fig. 6-A Photographs showing a runner being tested with use of markers and force-plates. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

11. Fig. 6-B Photographs showing a runner being tested with use of markers and force-plates. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

12. Fig. 7 Kinematic graph. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

13. Fig. 8 Graph depicting ground-reaction forces during running. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

14. Fig. 9 Diagram depicting moments about the ankle in the sagittal plane. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

15. Fig. 10 Graph depicting moments about the ankle in the sagittal plane. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

16. Fig. 11 Graph depicting the generation and absorption of ankle power in the sagittal plane. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

17. Fig. 12 Hysteresis curve for a tendon. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

18. Fig. 13 Stress-strain curve for a tendon. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

19. Fig. 14 Schematic of the pathogenic pathway that leads to the detrimental responses of increased matrix degradation (left) and inadequate matrix synthesis (right). TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

20. Fig. 15 Graph depicting the flexor (Flx) and extensor (Ext) moments about the knee in the sagittal plane. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

21. Fig. 16 Graph depicting motion of the knee in the sagittal plane. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

22. Fig. 17 Graph depicting the valgus moments (Val) about the knee in the coronal plane. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

23. Fig. 18 Graph depicting the moments about the ankle in the sagittal plane. TOM F. NOVACHECK J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998;80:1220- 33 ©1998 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.