1. Bloodborne Pathogens → disease-causing organisms. They are most easily transmitted by contact with blood and certain other fluids. Because infected people may feel and look fine, they can spread the pathogens without knowing they are infected. Three bloodborne pathogens are of special concern:  Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV  Hepatitis B Virus, HBV  Hepatitis C Virus, HCV

2.  HIV, HBV and BCV are carried in the blood and in semen, vaginal secretions and body fluids containing visible blood. Body fluids also can carry other infectious pathogens. Always treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious and take steps to protect yourself. ● HIV → is the virus that causes AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a serious disease. Although many people infected with HIV go on to develop AIDS, the number who develop serious illness and who die from AIDS is decreasing due t due to recent treatment. ● Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C → are both viral infections that affect the liver. If you become infected with HBV or HCV, you may have no symptoms at all or you may feel like you have an intestinal flu. Or you may be so sick you have to be hospitalized. Eventually, you could even die from these diseases. To protect yourself from HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, you must understand the risk of contracting them.

3. How HIV, HBV and HCV Spread How HIV, HBV and HCV Spread → HIV, HBV and HCV are not easy to catch as many other viruses. You can’t catch them from eating utensils, water fountains, gym equipment, swimming pools or insects, including mosquitoes. They don’t spread through the air like cold and flu germs, so you won’t get them from working alongside someone who is infected, from touching or even from a kiss on the cheek. → HIV, HPV and HCV are primarily spread by three types of body fluids: blood, vaginal secretions and semen. To actually get one of these diseases, the virus must get inside your body. This most commonly happens during sex with an infected partner or when intravenous drug users share needles that are contaminated. The viruses also can be passed from pregnant women to their unborn infants.

4. EXPOSURE AT WORK → Because of the way HIV, HBV and HCV are spread, you aren’t likely to get them during the normal course of the workday. But it could happen in certain unusual circumstances:  You have open sores or cuts and get infected blood on them while helping an injured coworker.  You cut yourself with glass or a needle that is contaminated with blood from an infected person.  You get infected blood in your eyes, nose or mouth. → Normally, your skin acts as a protective barrier to keep viruses out. But even tiny breaks or cracks in the skin from common conditions like dermatitis, acne or cuts and scratches can be “doorways” for HIV, HBV or HCV to enter your body. RISKY SITUATIONS → To keep yourself safe, you must learn to recognize risky situations and know how to respond safely. Risky situations at work generally fall into three areas:  Accidents and other injuries  Cleanup after accidents  Routine janitorial and maintenance activities.

5. ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES →To protect yourself during an accident or injury: Protect yourself before offering assistance. Protect yourself before offering assistance. Wear clean leak-proof gloves, such as single-use disposable ones. Wear clean leak-proof gloves, such as single-use disposable ones. If blood is spraying protect your eyes, nose and mouth with goggles and a mask. If blood is spraying protect your eyes, nose and mouth with goggles and a mask. Keep blood off you while you control bleeding Keep blood off you while you control bleeding Comfort the victim. Comfort the victim. Wait for trained emergency responders. Wait for trained emergency responders. → If you get blood on you: Wash it off as soon as possible with non-abrasive Wash it off as soon as possible with non-abrasive soap and water Immediately flush your eyes with running water at a sink or eyewash fountain. Immediately flush your eyes with running water at a sink or eyewash fountain. Report the incident to your supervisor. Report the incident to your supervisor.

6. ACCIDENT CLEANUP → After an accident, the hazard of exposure to blood continues until the area is properly cleaned. Only specially trained employees, maintenance or janitorial staff should perform accident cleanup. ◘ Cleanup personnel must wear: Leak-proof gloves to protect their hands. Leak-proof gloves to protect their hands. Smocks to protect work clothes if the cleanup Smocks to protect work clothes if the cleanup involves large amounts of blood.

7. ◘ Conducting a cleanup: Put on protective equipment. Put on protective equipment. Restrict access to the area. Restrict access to the area. Soak up most of the blood with disposable towels or other absorbent material. Soak up most of the blood with disposable towels or other absorbent material. Mop the floor with disinfectant solution Mop the floor with disinfectant solution Disinfect the mop and other cleaning equipment. Disinfect the mop and other cleaning equipment. ◘ Disposing of Wastes: Seal blood-soaked cleanup materials in leak-proof containers. Seal blood-soaked cleanup materials in leak-proof containers. Label as infectious waste Label as infectious waste Dispose according to company policy. Dispose according to company policy.

8. ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND JANITORIAL TASKS →Maintenance and janitorial staff may confront blood and other potentially infectious materials during routine tasks. For example, vomit, urine or feces may expose you to bloodborne viruses if visibly contaminated by blood. Even if blood is not present you may exposed to other infectious agents. Wear gloves and protective equipment: When you clean surfaces that may be soiled with When you clean surfaces that may be soiled with body fluids or excretions. When you clean toilets and sinks. When you clean toilets and sinks. When you handle trash. When you handle trash. When emptying trash watch for: Sharp objects Sharp objects Broken glassware Broken glassware Used syringes Used syringes

9. To prevent contamination: Use a device such as dust-pan and broom to Use a device such as dust-pan and broom to pick-up sharp objects Place sharp objects in puncture-resistant, Place sharp objects in puncture-resistant, leak-proof containers Place all other contaminated wastes Place all other contaminated wastes in leak-proof containers LAUNDRY → can conceal contaminated items, such as bloody rags and clothing, or even contaminated needles and other sharp objects. To protect yourself, sort laundry carefully. Carry a laundry bag by the top: Do not wrap your arms around it. Do not wrap your arms around it. Do not hold it against your body. Do not hold it against your body. Do not place your hand underneath the bag Do not place your hand underneath the bag to support it.

10. EVERYDAY PRECAUTIONS ► Protect yourself from bloodborne and other infectious pathogens: Keep soiled hands with gloves away from Keep soiled hands with gloves away from your nose, mouth and eyes. Wash your hands with soap and water after contact Wash your hands with soap and water after contact with blood or body fluids even if you wore gloves. Wash your hands before you eat, drink, smoke, Wash your hands before you eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or lip balms or handle contact lenses. Wash your hands at the end of your shift and Wash your hands at the end of your shift and after you remove your work gloves. Never clean up blood or body fluids Never clean up blood or body fluids unless you are trained to do so. Carefully follow your company’s policies on cleanup, Carefully follow your company’s policies on cleanup, decontamination and disposal of contaminated items.

11. BE PREPARED ►Plan ahead to protect yourself from exposure to infectious pathogens: Know what to do in an emergency. Know what to do in an emergency. Know how to summon emergency responders. Know how to summon emergency responders. Never take unnecessary risks. Never take unnecessary risks.

12. IN AN EMERGENCY Don’t touch blood or body fluids without wearing gloves. Don’t touch blood or body fluids without wearing gloves. Use a pocket mask to administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Use a pocket mask to administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Put on clear leak-proof gloves, such as single-use disposable ones, Put on clear leak-proof gloves, such as single-use disposable ones, before help injured persons. Wear goggles and other face protection if blood is spraying. Wear goggles and other face protection if blood is spraying. ►If you get blood or body fluids on your gloves, clothes, or shoes: Remove them as soon as possible Remove them as soon as possible Place them in a sealed bag Place them in a sealed bag Wash exposed skin non-abrasive soap and water Wash exposed skin non-abrasive soap and water ►If you think you may have been exposed to HIV, HBV or HCV: Don’t panic. Don’t panic. Report the incident immediately. Report the incident immediately. Try to determine the source of the blood or even get a sample. Try to determine the source of the blood or even get a sample. Take part in testing, counseling and any follow-up Take part in testing, counseling and any follow-up steps that your employer advises.

13. SUMMARY ► You can protect yourself from bloodborne diseases by taking precautions as you follow simple guidelines. Know where emergency kits and protective equipment kept. Find out whether your company has trained emergency care personnel and know how to contact them. ► Never take unnecessary risks. Yes, you off machinery, sound the alarm and do whatever you must to save a life. But don’t touch blood or body fluids without using gloves. Use a face mask when administering mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, Use a face mask when administering mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, and don’t clean blood or body fluids unless trained and authorize to do so. Know what to do before an emergency occurs. ►To protect yourself from bloodborne diseases: Know the facts. Know the facts. Practice good hygiene. Practice good hygiene. Take sensible precautions. Take sensible precautions.