1. THE BIRTH OF A NEW REPUBLIC
A NEW GOVERNMENT
THE BIRTH OF A NEW REPUBLIC

2. THE COLD HARD FACTS? WHAT WAS AMERICA’S FIRST FORM OF GOVERNMENT?
WHY DID THE GOVERNMENT LACK SUFFICIENT FUNDS TO RUN THE GOVERNMENT?
WHY WERE LAWS SO HARD TO ENFORCE UNDER THE NEW GOVERNMENT?
WHAT EVENT CONVINCED KEY LEADERS THAT THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WERE TOO WEAK AND THAT THE US NEEDED A STRONGER CENTRAL GOVT?

3. FRAMERS REPUBLIC 1. CITIZENS RULE THROUGH ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES
2. DEMOCRACY- COUNTRY RULED BY THE PEOPLE
3. NEED FOR STRONG CENTRAL GOV’T

4. Reasons for the Constitution
Establish Legitimacy
Create Appropriate Structures
Describe and Distribute Power
Limit Government Powers
Allow for Change

5. The Preamble to the US Constitution
“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

6. Video Clip The Preamble

7. 2 Proposed Plans Virginia Plan
What are the characteristics of this plan?
Justify these characteristics
New Jersey Plan
What are the characteristics of this plan?
Justify these characteristics

8. Connecticut (Great) Compromise
Three Branches of government
Two house legislature
Representation in one house was based on population (House of Reps)
In the other house there was equal representation for all states (Senate)

9. 3/5s Compromise Arguments that led to this decision?
What does this compromise mean?

10. Federalists vs. Anti Federalists
The Federalists:
The separation of powers into three independent branches protected the rights of the people.
Each branch represents a different aspect of the people
No one group can assume control over another.
A listing of rights can be a dangerous thing.
What would stop the govt from violating rights other than the listed ones?
Since we can't list all the rights, the Federalists argued that it's better to list none at all.

11. Anti-Federalists Did not want to ratify the Constitution because
It gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the state governments.
There was no bill of rights.
The national government could maintain an army in peacetime.
Congress, because of the `necessary and proper clause,' wielded too much power.
The executive branch held too much power.

12. The Federalist Papers
85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.

13. Opposition to Bill of Rights
Alexander Hamilton, the author of Federalist No. 84, feared that such an enumeration, once written down explicitly, would later be interpreted as a list of the only rights that people had.
Robert Yates, writing under the pseudonym Brutus, articulated this view point in the so-called Anti-Federalist No. 84, asserting that a government unrestrained by such a bill could easily devolve into tyranny. 

14. QUICK FACTS ON CONSTITUTION
POSITION
AGE
RESIDENCY
CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENT
HOUSE OF REP.
SENATE
PRESIDENT
SUPREME COURT JUSTICE

15. NEW FORM OF GOV’T FEDERALISM 1. DIVIDED POWER
2. BETWEEN NATIONAL GOVT AND STATE GOVTS
3. DELEGATED POWERS or ENUMERATED POWERS- NATIONAL POWERS
4. RESERVED POWERS- STATES POWERS
WHO IS SUPREME?
1. NATIONAL GOV’T IS SUPERIOR

16. Copy down this Chart: Powers of the Government
Delegated
(Federal)
Shared
Reserved
(State)

17. The following are choices which you and your group must decide where they belong on the chart.
PUNISH CRIMINALS
ESTABLISH POST OFFICES
REGULATE INTERSTATE COMMERCE
SET UP SCHOOLS
ESTABLISH LOCAL GOV’T
TO DECLARE WAR; RAISE AND SUPPORT ARMIES AND NAVY
COIN MONEY, AND STANDARD OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
ESTABLISH COURTS
ESTABLISH AND REGULATE CORPORATIONS
COLLECT TAXES
TO DEFINE AND PUNISH PIRACIES
BORROW MONEY ON CREDIT OF U.S.
MAKE REGULATIONS FOR MARRIAGE
PROVIDE FOR GENERAL WELFARE OF THE PUBLIC
TRADE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS
REGULATE STATE COMMERCE
REGULATE BANKS

18. POWERS OF THE GOVERNMENT
DELEGATED
(FEDERAL)
SHARED
RESERVED
(STATE)
TRADE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS
COLLECT TAXES
ESTABLISH LOCAL GOV’T
COIN MONEY, AND STANDARD OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
ESTABLISH COURTS
SET UP SCHOOLS
ESTABLISH POST OFFICES
REGULATE INTERSTATE COMMERCE
ESTABLISH AND REGULATE CORPORATIONS
TO DECLARE WAR; RAISE AND SUPPORT ARMIES AND NAVY
REGULATE BANKS
MAKE REGULATIONS FOR MARRIAGE
TO DEFINE AND PUNISH PIRACIES
PROVIDE FOR GENERAL WELFARE OF THE PUBLIC
REGULATE STATE COMMERCE
BORROW MONEY ON CREDIT OF U.S.
PUNISH CRIMINALS

19. Complete Reading Pages

20. SEPARATION OF POWERS CHECKS AND BALANCES 1. 3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
2. LEGISLATIVE- MAKE LAWS OF U.S. (ARTICLE 1)
3. EXECUTIVE- ENFORCES THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES (ARTICLE 2)
4. JUDICIAL BRANCH- INTERPRET CONSTITUTION (LEGAL OR ILLEGAL). CAN DETERMINE AN ACT OF CONGRESS CONSTITUTIONAL OR UNCONSTITUTIONAL
(ARTICLE 3)

21. Articles 4, 5, 6, and 7 ARTICLE 4: RELATIONS AMONG STATES
ARTICLE 5: AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE 6: SUPREMACY OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
ARTICLE 7: RATIFICATION

22. AN ENDURING DOCUMENT PURPOSE OF THE CONSTITUTION
1. LIMIT THE POWER OF GOV’T
B) PROS
1. STRONG CENTRAL GOV’T
2. FLEXIBLE
CONS
1. WHAT RIGHTS ARE YOU GUARANTEED?
2. NO CIVIL LIBERTIES INCLUDED

23. Following provisions were in the Constitution, as submitted to the states in 1787:
The separation of powers (3 branches)
The authority of Congress to declare war
A guarantee of the legality of slavery
The creation of an Electoral College to safeguard the presidency from direct popular election
Provision for impeachment of the President
Provision for the presidential State of the Union message

24. (Continued) Following provisions were in the Constitution, as submitted to the states in 1787:
Provision for ratifying the Constitution
Federalism
A bicameral legislature (Great Compromise)
Enumeration of the powers of Congress
The 3/5’s Compromise

25. The following provisions were NOT in the Constitution as submitted to the states in 1787:
A two term limit for presidents
Universal manhood suffrage
A presidential cabinet
The direct election of senators
Guarantees of freedom of speech and of the press (added in Bill of Rights)
The right to a speedy and public trial (added in the Bill of Rights)
The idea of political parties (framers though that political parties promoted selfish interests, caused divisions, and thus threatened the existence of a republican government

26. Complete Worksheets

27. Federalists Papers Who wrote them?
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay
What purpose did they serve?
Supported provisions made in Constitution
“In an expanding republic, so many different groups and viewpoints would be included in the Congress that tyranny by the majority would be impossible.”
-James Madison

28. Anti-Federalists Who were they?
George Mason, Patrick Henry, John Hancock
What view points did they hold?
Stronger central govt would destroy the work of the Revolution, limit democracy and restrict states’ rights
They did the following:
Drew support primarily from rural areas
Argued that the president would have too much power
Feared that Congress would levy heavy taxes
Feared that the government would raise a standing army
Believe that the new national government would overwhelm the states
Argued that individual rights needed to be protected

29. Bill of Rights
Together they provide the guarantees that Anti-Federalists wanted against possible abuses of power by the central (or federal) government.

30. Washington DVD
Complete Brief Bio Paper

31. Washington’s Presidency
Setting up his cabinet.
Who do his nominees need to be approved by?
Who were his first four heads of department?
Sec of State: Jefferson
Sec of Treasury: Hamilton
Sec of War: Knox
Attorney General: Randolph
Discuss major policy issues
“Cabinet Meetings”

32. Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Policies
Purpose
Promote economic growth
Strengthen the new nations finances
Proposals
Establish a national bank
Adopt a protective tariff to raise revenue
Fund the national debt
Assume state debts incurred during Revolutionary War
Tax distilled liquor to raise revenue
Expand domestic manufacturing

33. Did Congress have the power to create a bank
Did Congress have the power to create a bank? Controversy with Jefferson
Hamilton favored a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution. Hamilton believed that what the Constitution does not forbid, it permits.
Jefferson favored a “strict” interpretation of the Constitution. What the constitution does not permit, it forbids.
**Watch Video Clip

34. Congress passes Hamilton’s Plan
Debt:
US pay off national debt and state war debt. For Jefferson’s support- National Capital in the DC
Tariffs and Excise Taxes:
Low Tariffs, tax on whiskey
National Bank:
“Necessary and Proper clause.” Govt can print paper money and use fed deposits to stimulate business

35. Washington Administration Foreign Affairs
The French Revolution led to the Proclamation of Neutrality of 1793
“Citizen” Genet
French minister appealed directly to American people to support French cause in Rev. Conduct outrageous. He remained in US.
The Jay Treaty (1794)
Britain evacuates post on US western frontier but nothing about British seizures of US merchant ships
The Pinckney Treaty (1795)
Spain to open lower Miss River and New Orleans to US trade. No duties on trade

36. Washington Administration Domestic Concerns
Native Americans
Resisted settlement
Battle of Fallen Timbers leads to Treaty of Greenville
Ohio Territory claims surrendered. Open to settlement
The Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
What was Washington’s Response?
Western Land
Gained more control, must settle
Public Land Act of Procedures for dividing and selling land. Vermont, Kentucky and Tennessee added to the Union

37. Political Parties What two parties emerge?
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Differences between the two?
**Look at handout and pg 109 in your study guide book
Watch Video Clip

38. Washington’s Farewell Address
Not to get involved in European affairs
Against the US making “permanent alliances” in foreign affairs
Not to form political parties
To avoid sectionalism

39. Adams President DVD
Complete Brief Bio

40. John Adams’ Presidency
Adams was the Federalists candidate while Thomas Jefferson was the Democratic Republican choice
Adams won by 3 electoral votes
Jefferson becomes VP
This method of selecting the VP gets changed by the 12th Amendment

41. Adams’ Presidency The XYZ Affair The Alien and Sedition Acts
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

42. Jefferson’s President DVD
Brief Bio

43. The Election of 1800
Between 2 Republicans: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
H of R had to break the tie
Who did Hamilton support?
Passing of power between parties happened without violence (“Revolution of 1800)
What does this mean for the Constitution?

44. How a bill becomes a law
Watch the video to see how a bill becomes a law under the Legislative Branch. The Legislative Branch is discussed in Article I of the Constitution.

45. REAL LIFE BRANCHES OF GOV’T
LEGISLATIVE
EXECUTIVE
JUDICIAL
FEDERAL
1.SENATOR
2.HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FEDERAL –
THE
PRESIDENT
FEDERAL- COURT SYSTEM
TRIAL AND APPELATE
CONSTITUTIONAL CRIMES I.E.
CIVIL RIGHTS
STATE- SENATOR
HOUSE OF REPS
STATE- THE GOVERNOR
STATE-COURT SYSTEM
LOCAL- 1.ALDERMAN
2.COUNCILMAN
LOCAL -1.MAYOR
LOCAL COURTS
MISDEMEANORS AND FELONIES

46. JUDICIAL REVIEW
1. LEGISLATIVE
BRANCH PASSES A LAW