1. PhDs Hedina Sijerčić Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Training translators (and interpreters) for professional work: Romani Third IATIS Regional Translation Workshop – Western Balkans 25. and 26. Sept. 2014

2. NO TRAINED ROMANI TRANSLATORS/INTRPRETERS  Except for a few separate courses, for example at INALCO in Paris, there are no comprehensive translator training or translation courses yet, and there are no trained Romani translators or interpreters. Until 2007, thanks to Prof. dr. Debbie Folaron from Concordia University in Montreal, there was nosustained interest at all in Romani translation. See: http://www.translationromani.net/en http://www.translationromani.net/en  [note: work on the website itself began around 2008, but the website actually launched in 2011]

3. http://www.translationromani.net/en

4. Action plan of Bosnia and Herzegovina for addressing Roma Issues in the field of employment housing and health care (Sarajevo: MHRR, 2009) BO SNIANROMANIENGLISH Мјеrа 12. Pоkrеtаnjе rоmskоg glаsilа (dvojezičnog) putem Romskog informativnog centra. Оvа mјеrа trеbа dа ima zа rеzultаt pоkrеnutо rоmskо infоrmаtivnо dvojezično glаsilо i sеnzitivniје mеdiје kаdа sе rаdi о izvјеštаvаnju о Rоmimа kоје bi bilо dоstupnо nе sаmо Rоmimа nеgо i оstаlim grаđаnimа, čimе bi sе širа јаvnоst informirala о neriješenim rоmskim pitаnjimа i prоblеmimа. (2009:47) Мјеrа 12. Te pokrenipe romane glasilengo (duje čhibengo) krezo romano informativno centro. Gaja mjera trubuje te dol rezultatura te avol la pokretno informativno glasilo-dije Čhibako te senzibilnijo medijo kana radipe pala izvještavanje pala Roma savo avola dostupno nego i ostalone građanurenđe soha e širo javnost avola informišime pala biriješime Romane pitanjura te e problemura. (2009:112) Measure 12 Launch Roma bulletin (bi- lingual) through Roma Information Centre. This measure is expected to result in the launch of a Roma bi-lingual bulletin and more sensitive media in terms of reporting about the Roma, which would be available not only to Roma, but to other citizens as well, thereby informing the general public of the outstanding Roma issues and problems. (2009:171) *The words in Bosnian source text which influenced the Romani target text

5. Clients, institutions, organizations, NGO-s  in order to hire or contract Romani translators should take into consideration not just her/his Romani origin and the price for translating, but also her/his educational background, dialect differences and knowledge area differences. In the Romani case, the professional ethics of translating and/or interpreting are not taken into account very often, mostly because of the widespread poverty among Roma and the need to earn a living to survive. In other words, Roma themselves reciprocate.

6. Problem areas in Romani translation  Translators seem to be very heavily influenced by the source text.  2. Compatibility between Bosnian/Serbian/Croatian/Mongenegrin/Macedonian and Romani is more than obvious.  3. Neologisms and loanwords dominate in Romani translation.  4. Translators do not have enough knowledge about Romani language grammar, about dialects and their differences, and their knowledge depends on the second langauge grammar level which they learn in schools as a mandatory subject.

7. ........problem arias  They do not pay attention to punctuation or proper use of uppercase letters. There is nouniform textual use.  5. Translators do not use translation technologies or tools, and they are mostly unaware of the existence of Romani dictionaries.  6. The degree of translators' textual awareness or use of textual knowledge is limited.  7. Revision phase is not done.

8. My hypothesis  a) the translator does not understand text in its source langauge  b) translator is not aware of meanings of the source language words  c) translator imports the words from the sourse language in target language because he/she is not aware of their existance in target Romani langauge  d) importing the source langauge words translator builds, creates and self-invents the new Romani words adding on SL words the Romani suffixes  d) translator is not aware of existence of translation tools i.e. of Romani dictionaries and grammars.

9.  Translation and interpreting training including terminology and culture classes is high on the priority list of recommendations for future Romani translators. Trainings in and about the Romani language should take place, with explanations and comparisons of dialect differences and use of the official language(s) (Serbian/ Bosnian/ Croatian/ Montenegrin/Macedonian).  To improve one's linguistic competence, as mentioned in Kussmaul (1995:17), the advice given is to improve „both in the mother tongue and in the foreign language.“

10. Third IATIS Regional Translation Workshop – Western Balkans 25. and 26. Sept. 2014 Hvala na pažnji! Sastimasa! Thank you for you attention! Najis pala akharipe! Hvala tumenge! Najis vama! Devlesa! Hedina Sijerčić sijercichedina@gmail.com