1. Development of a SBNRC Calculator for Cotton D. Brian Arnall Oklahoma State University W. Raun, J. Solie, M. Stone, R. Taylor, O. Walsh, D. Edmonds, C. Daft, B. England, Y. Kanke, B. Desta W. Raun, J. Solie, M. Stone, R. Taylor, O. Walsh, D. Edmonds, C. Daft, B. England, Y. Kanke, B. Desta

2. Fertilizer N Needs in Cotton Under Estimation of N Fertilizer and Application of an Insufficient Rate Under Estimation of N Fertilizer and Application of an Insufficient Rate Loss of Yield, proportional to shortfall Consumption of Soil N reserve, depletion of soil fertility Over Estimation of N Fertilizer Needs and Application of a above-optimal Rate Excess Vegetative Growth, Increased Plant Growth Regulation Required Increased Susceptibility to Aphids Increased Susceptibility to Boll Rot Delayed Crop Maturity Increased Difficulty to Defoliate Potential for Long-Term Decrease in Soil Organic Matter Increased Need for Liming, through Soil Acidification Excess Vegetative Growth, Increased Plant Growth Regulation Required Increased Susceptibility to Aphids Increased Susceptibility to Boll Rot Delayed Crop Maturity Increased Difficulty to Defoliate Potential for Long-Term Decrease in Soil Organic Matter Increased Need for Liming, through Soil Acidification Cotton Corp Estimating Cotton's Nitrogen Needs R.L. Nichols, Cotton Incorporated and C.J. Green, Texas Tech University

3. Sensor Based Nitrogen Rate Calculator What is needed. Yield Prediction Model Response Index Nitrogen Removal Nitrogen Use Efficiency. N Rate = (YP0 * RI – YP0) * %N / Efficiency

4. Cotton YP Trial

5. Cotton N study

6. The Experimental Sites 2006 –1 Site: Lake Carl Blackwell (LCB) 2-4.D Late Season Stress 2007 –3 sites: LCB YP, Altus 439, and Altus N study NDVI collected over and between rows 2008 –4 sites: LCB Irrigated YP, LCB Dryland N study, Altus 439, and Altus N study

7. Data Collection

8. Response in 2007

9. Yield Potential Model Why use YP. –Nitrogen is a model nutrient and according to Bray need is yield dependent. Using NDVI as a function of GDD. Days from Planting or Cumulative GDD

10. Units: biomass, kg/ha/day, where GDD>0 Winter Wheat Yield Potential Model

11. INSEY DFP Relationship between in season estimate of yield (INSEY) computed from NDVI readings of cotton collected between 60-80 days after planting, divided by the number of days of planting to sensing, and measured lint yield from all site years. Where YP0 = yield potential; YP0 calculated = the mean + one standard deviation.

12. INSEY Cum GDD Relationship between in season estimate of yield (Cum INSEY) computed from NDVI readings of cotton at growth stages from square to peak bloom (800-1300 Cumm GDD), divided by the number of days of planting to sensing, and measured lint yield from all site years. Where YP0 = yield potential; YP0 calculated = the mean + one standard deviation

13. NDVI Over Time The trend of NDVI values as days from planting to sensing increases.

14. Response Index

15. Dr. Johnson Response to added fertilizer nitrogen RI NDVI –NDVI of the N-Rich Strip / Farmer Practice RI Harvest –Yield of the N-Rich Strip / Farmer Practice

16. RI Harvest and RI NDVI Relationship between the response index measured in season, (NDVI of fertilized plot / NDVI of check plot) from readings of cotton at growth stages from 60 to 80 days after planting, and measured lint yield and the response index measured at harvest (yield of fertilized plot / yield of check plot) from all site years.

17. Nitrogen Use and Uptake Research from different parts of the Cotton Belt suggests that high-yielding cotton crops contain about 50-55 lbs. N/bale –(Basset et al., 1970; Mullins & Burmester, 1990; Unruh and Silvertooth, 1996). Cotton Corp OSU Recommends 27 kg / bale (60 lbs N) Equivalent to.125 kg N / kg Lint, 12.5%

18. N Components If all plant components are accounted for in the algorithm, this results in 146.39 g N kg-1 lint (70.267 lbs N bale-1). Higher than the values recorded as optimum N rates for cotton grown in Oklahoma of 83.0 g N kg-1 lint. The Girma et al. (2007a) data closely fit the value of 90 g N kg-1 lint which was calculated from removal of lint and seed. Not known if using the N content of only the lint and seed is adequate Or if it will be necessary burs, leaves or stems.

19. Nitrogen Use and Uptake Maximum N uptake occurred between 49 and 71 days after planting and was 2.9 and 4.3 kg ha -1 day -1 for cotton receiving 84 and 168 kg N ha -1, respectively. –Boquet, D.J., and G.A. Breitenbeck. 2000. Nitrogen rate effect on partitioning of nitrogen and dry matter by cotton. Crop. Sci., Vol 40 pg 1685-1693 Very little literature. NUE of 50%.

20. SBNRC Algorithm N Rate = (YP0 * RI – YP0) * %N / NUE potential cotton lint yield, kg/ha = 235.96 e 2216.2 * INSEY cotton lint yield, kg/ha = 177.41 e 2216.2 * INSEY Where: YP0 = 235.96 e 2216.2 * INSEY RI = 1.8579 * RINDVI – 0.932 %N = 0.09 NUE = 0.50

22. The Unknown Can Cotton “Catch-up” once it is behind? What should the level of preplant N be? What is the application window? Plant Growth Regulators.

23. Thank you for your attention. Any Questions??????

25. The Answer to the Unknown Time………….. –Time to see interactions over many environments. –Time to increase the robustness of the YP model. –Time to have set backs and learn from mistakes.

26. N Rate = (YP0 * RI – YP0) * %N / NUE potential cotton lint yield, kg/ha = 235.96 e 2216.2 * INSEY cotton lint yield, kg/ha = 177.41 e 2216.2 * INSEY Where: YP0 = 235.96 e 2216.2 * INSEY RI = 1.8579 * RINDVI – 0.932 %N = 0.09 NUE = 0.50

27. Min.39 bale/ac:185 lb/ac:208 kg/ha Max 1.45 bale.ac:695 lbs/ac:781 kg/ha Approx 540 kg/ha : 480 lbs =1 bale

31. Tim C. Knowles, Jack Watson, and Vic Wakimoto Late Season Nitrogen Fertilizer for Cotton. Part of the 1999 Arizona Cotton Report, The University of Arizona College of Agriculture Nitrogen (N) demand of a cotton crop starts out very low early in the season, begins to pick up starting at pin-head square, reaches a peak demand at peak bloom, and gradually declines as the crop approaches maturity. Nitrogen fertilizer must be available to the cotton plant in a timely fashion to meet crop demand. Split N applications coinciding with actual crop demand allow growers to apply adequate but not excessive amounts of fertilizer. A recommended window for N fertilizer application begins at the pinhead square growth stage and ends just prior to peak bloom.