1. Final Exam Review Class: I really appreciated having the opportunity to share this semester with you. Good luck on the exam!

2. Final Exam Review Final Test on Canvas Click on “Quizzes” link on left panel Multiple choice questions FINAL TEST OPEN FROM: Wednesday, Dec 10 at 9:00 AM to Thursday, December 11 at 4:00 P.M. Once you log on you have one hour and 30 minutes to complete. PLEAE DON’T WAIT UNTIL THE LAST MINUTE TO TAKE THE EXAM -- LOG ON BY 2:30 on Thursday

3. Final Exam Review Final Test on Canvas PRINT OUT CHARTS on wiki to study BEFORE test and study AND use during the test If you have a problem, e-mail me to unlock your attempt, you will not be able to go back into the exam until you e-mail me!! Keep track of your answers as you go along on a separate sheet.

4. Final Exam Review 1.According to the Benokraitis textbook, the effect of divorce on children A)Can begin before the divorce and continue afterwards B)Can reduce the stress children experience, but only among African Americans C) Is often associated with decreased financial problems, especially for mothers D) None of the above Answer: A

5. Final Exam Review 2) William Julius Wilson ’ s argument that large scale changes in the economic structure have left many African American men with few employment opportunities is an example of a ______level theory A.Micro B.Macro C.Meta D.None of the above Answer: B

6. Final Exam Review 3) Identify two methods of research used by sociologists that we have studied the second half of the semester and give an example of how they studied families  Participant observation – Arlie Hochschild, The Second Shift –studied how couples divide housework  Survey research  National Survey of Families and Households  Used by many researchers to study time spent on household chores  Demographic methods  U.S. Bureau of the Census to study poverty rates

7. Final Exam Review 4) Which of the following statements about welfare reform in 1996 is FALSE? A)The poor were allowed to stay on welfare indefinitely B)Strict term limits were enacted C)Welfare recipients were expected to work for welfare D) Power devolved (moved) from the federal to the state level A is False

8. Final Exam Review 5) Married women are more likely than their husbands to be involved in A)more time consuming housework B)less optional tasks than are men C)more boring and repetitive tasks D)all of the above Answer: D

9. 9 November 23, 2015 Source: NSFH Mean Number of Hours Spent on 9 Household Tasks per Week by Dual- Earner Spouses

10. Final Exam Review 6) Describe two major ways that the entrance of married women into the labor force – especially mothers - has influenced another social/demographic trend or expectations? More children in day care Men expected to and are doing more housework Single, poor mothers expected to work for pay Increased rate and acceptance of remaining single and of divorce

11. Final Exam Review 7) According to the lecture on poverty which racial/ethnic group has the highest percentage of people receiving welfare? A) Asian Americans. B) Latino families. C) African Americans. D) Whites. Answer C

12. TANF Recipients by Race/Ethnicity What is the racial and ethnic breakdown of TANF recipients?

13. Final Exam Review 8) Briefly describe the trend in divorce from 1960 to the present Divorce rates increased during the 1950s and 1970s Divorce rates reached a peak in the early 1980s NEW research shows that the divorce rate has been increasing among baby boomers Your textbook like many others has the wrong data

14. Divorce Rate 1970-2010 Based on ACS (All States Reporting) Kennedy & Ruggles, 2014

15. Annual Divorce Rate per 1,000 Marriages

16. The trend on the previous chart is WRONG The funding for calculating and presenting divorce statistics by the National Center for Health Statistics was cut in the past 10 -20 years This led to mistakes in the data showing the divorce rate had declined in the past ten years Instead new research on more reliable data shows that the divorce rate for baby boomers has been increasing over the past 10 years

17. Final Exam Review 9) Which basic need is figured into the Federal poverty guidelines? Hint: Molly Orshansky Cost of food Budget: 3 times the cost of a minimum, adequate diet per month

18. Final Exam Review 10) Which of the following statements best summarizes the history of the relationships between the State and the private family? A.After abortion was legalized in 1972, the State took a much stronger interest in the private family B.Until the Great Depression, the general view was that the state did not intervene in the private family C.The high rates of teen pregnancy and consequent “shot gun” weddings led to a stronger interest by the State in the private family in the 1950s D.None of the above Answer: B

19. Final Exam Review 11) List two major changes instituted in the 1996 welfare reform law. AFDC > TANF Temporary – two years to find job or employment training, 5 year lifetime limit Devolution: transfer of power from the federal to the state level States now receive block grants Keep Medicaid (health insurance for the poor) even after you find a job Don’t immediately lose benefits after marriage

20. Final Exam Review 12) What social programs resulted from the Social Security Act of 1935?  Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)  Now TANF  Social Security (pension for the elderly)  Unemployment compensation

21. Final Exam Review 13) What percentage of the population was living below poverty in 2012 A) 5.2 % B) 15 % C) 25.5 % D) 34.9 % Answer B

22. Final Exam Review 14) Which of the following statements is True concerning changes in women's employment? A. The employment rates of single, never- married, and married mothers have become more similar B. During the Second World War, the female employment rates decreased C. Welfare reform has increased the unemployment rate for single mothers D. All of the above Answer: A

24. Final Exam Review 15) Which of the following is NOT a macro- level influence on the family? A. unemployment rates B. racism C. time spent with family D. crime rates Answer: C

25. Final Exam Review 16) Describe two demographic groups with high rates of divorce  The economically disadvantaged  African-Americans  Women in the labor force  Teen couples (often those who marry due to an unintended pregnancy)

26. Final Exam Review 17. A ________ is a major sphere of social life with a set of beliefs and rules that is organized to meet human needs. A) social institution B) social norm C) social rule D) social organization A) Social institution

27. Final Exam Review 18) Separated or divorced parents who are legally granted the right to make important decisions about the child’s life refers to ______________ custody A) physical B) legal C) coparenting D) individual B) Legal custody refers to having the right to make important decisions

28. Final Exam Review 19) With all the possibilities and popularity of cohabitation, why do people get married? Requires a long-term public commitment Fulfilling social norms, such as expectation of parents, friends, relatives Legal rights and privileges reserved for spouses

29. 20) Which of the following characteristics of a potential marriage partner has increased in value over the past 40 years among MEN? A) Refinement, neatness B) Good cook, homemaker C) Love D) Chastity Answer C) Love Final Exam Review

30. Changes in the Importance College Students Attach to Characteristics of Marriage Partners, 1939-1996. CHARACTERISTICS THAT HAVE INCREASED IN VALUE SINCE 1939 (1996 RANKING IN PARENTHESES) FOR MENFOR WOMEN Love (1)Love (1) Education (5)Education (5) Sociability (7)Sociability (8) Good looks (8) Good looks (13) Similar educational background (12) Good financial prospects (13) CHARACTERISTICS THAT HAVE DECREASED IN VALUE (1996 RANKING IN PARENTHESES) FOR MENFOR WOMEN Desire for home and children (9)Ambition, industriousness (7) Refinement, neatness (11) Good health (9) Good cook, homemaker (14)Refinement, neatness (7) Chastity (16)Chastity (17) (Source: Buss, Shackelford, Kirkpatrick, & Larson, 2001) Note values on this table and how change occurred

31. Final Exam Review 21) Why has the age of marriage increased in the past 30 years A) Rise in cohabitation. B) Increases in educational attainment, esp. for women C) Increased female labor force participation D) All of the above Answer D) All of the above

32. Final Review 22. According to your textbook by Benokraitis, which of the following statements about cohabitation is FALSE? A.Cohabitation can be viewed as an alternative way of being single. BCohabitation can be viewed as a relationship exactly like marriage. C.Cohabitation can be viewed as a testing ground for marriage, D.Cohabitation may be an alternative to marriage.  Answer: B is FALSE

33. Final Review 23) The concept of sex refers to________ while the concept of gender refers to____________ Answer: biological characteristics/ social characteristics

34. Final Review 24) According to the chapter on marriage in the Benokraitis textbook…which statement is TRUE? A) Marriage rates are rising since the recession B) The second most important reason for marrying--rather than living together-- is love and commitment C) Consistently men report being less happy in their marriage than women D) Marriage should last a lifetime Answer: B

35. Final Exam Review 25. In 1959, those ages ______ had the highest likelihood of living in poverty, while in 2011 those _______ had the highest rate of poverty A)Ages 65 and over, ages 18 – 64 B)Ages 18 – 64, ages 65 and over C)Ages 65 and over, under age 18 D)None of the above Answer: C

37. Final Exam Review 26)According to the Benkraitis text, which of the following is NOT important for a successful marriage A.Compatibility B.Positive attitudes C.Marital roles D.Communication Answer: C

38. Final Review 27. Which of the following statements about cohabitation is FALSE? A. Cohabitation is on the rise in the United States. B. Cohabitation started with people in the upper-middle class. C. 9 in 10 cohabiting couples marry within 5 years. D. Increases in cohabitation are related to a cultural shift toward greater individual autonomy and freedom. Answer B

39. Final Exam Review 28. Age of marriage has increased considerably over the past 40 years, which of the following reasons explains this change? A) Rise in cohabitation. B) Increases in educational attainment, esp. for women C) Increased female labor force participation D) All of the above Answer D) All of the above

40. Extra Credit Question For 4 points who is Professor Gager’s favorite teen singing sensation A. One Direction B. Justin Beiber C. Selena Gomez Answer B. Justin Beiber