2. Introduction, pronunciation, gods

3. PRONUNCIATION The Latin alphabet is like ours except that it does not have j and w. The letters k, y and z are rare. They mostly appear in words of foreign origin. All letters are sounded. There are no silent letters.

4. Consonants Most consonants are exactly like English. The most important exceptions are: V is pronounced like w !!!! C is always hard, as in cat. G is always hard, as in goat. R is “trilled”. i before a vowel is usually a consonant & sounds like y – Vestavia, vomit, vēnī, vīdī, vīcī – Gāius Iūlius Caesar – Cavē canem! (beware the dog.) – Iuppiter, Iūnō, Roma – phocus, theatrum

5. VOWELS There are long and short vowels. ā as in father. a as in Dinah ē as in they (English “long a”) e as in pet ī as in machine (English “long e”) i as in pin. ō as in clover. o as in off ū as in rude. u as in put. – vēnī, vīdī, vīcī

6. DIPHTHONGS Combinations of vowels ae as in aisle (English “long i”) There are several other diphthongs that we will learn about as we go along. – Gaius Iulius Caesar – Graecia

7. – Salvē (hello to one person) – Salvēte (hello to more than one person) – Valē (farewell to one person) – Valēte (farewell to more than one person) – Avē atque valē (hail and farewell)

8. Vēnī, vīdī, vīcī! (I came, I saw, I conquered) Gaius Iulius Caesar (Julius Caesar)

9. Cavē canem! (beware the dog.)

10. Vestavia

11. Vomit=to spew out vomitorium-exit from the colosseum. A vomitorium is a hallway in a Roman theater or an amphitheater that people come out of - the hallway that you walk through to get to your seat, or to get out of the amphitheater after the show. The Colosseum was so well designed that 50,000 people could exit in 15 minutes. amphitheater

12. Hic deus est Iuppiter.

19. Estne hic Iuppiter ? Minimē!

20. Estne hic Iuppiter? Ita vērō!

21. Haec dea est Iūnō

29. Estne haec Iūnō ? Minimē!

30. Estne haec Iūnō ? Ita vērō!

31. Hic deus est Neptūnus

37. )

40. Estne hic Neptūnus? Minimē!

41. Estne hic deus Neptūnus? Ita vērō!

42. Hic deus est Plūtō

44. S

45. Sa

46. Sal

47. Salv

48. Salve!

49. Estne hic deus Plūtō? Minimē!

50. Estne hic deus Plūtō? Ita vērō

51. Haec dea est Minerva

57. Estne haec dea Minerva? Minimē!

58. Estne haec Minerva? Ita vērō!

59. Hic deus est Mars

61. .

62. .

63. Estne hic deus Mars? Minimē

64. Estne hic deus Mars? Ita vērō!

65. Hic deus est Mercurius.

72. Estne hic deus Mercurius? Minimē!

73. Estne hic deus Mercurius? Ita vērō!

74. Hic deus est Apollō.

76. .

78. Estne hic Apollō?. Minimē!

79. Estne hic deus Apollō? Ita vērō!

80. Haec dea est Diāna.

83. .

85. Estne haec dea Diāna? Minimē!

86. Estne haec dea Diāna? Ita verō!

87. Haec dea est Venus.

91. Estne haec dea Venus? Minimē

92. Estne haec Venus? Ita verō!

93. Hic deus est Volcānus.

94. .

95. .

96. .

99. Estne hic deus Volcanus?

100. God of work and crafts, fire, and blacksmiths Symbols were hammer, anvil, and tongs Was a crippled god Only god to have been exiled from Mount Olympus and return Ita verō!

101. Hic deus est Bacchus.

102. .

104. .

105. .

106. Estne hic deus Bacchus? Minimē!

107. Estne hic deus Bacchus? God of wine, theatre, and grapes Symbols were grapes and leopard skin Only god with a mortal parent Initially was not an Olympian; took Hestia’s place Ita vērō!

108. Haec est dea Cerēs

112. .

113. .

115. Estne haec dea Cerēs? Minimē!

116. Estne haec dea Cerēs? Goddess of agriculture Symbol was sheaf of wheat/barley Also controlled the seasons, creating them due to a myth regarding her daughter Persephone Ita vero!

117. Haec est dea Vesta

118. .

120. .

124. Estne haec dea Vesta? Minimē!

125. Estne haec dea Vesta? Goddess of hearth, home, and family Symbol was the hearth Used to be Olympian, but became tired of all the bickering, and gave her place to Dionysus. Gentlest of all Olympians The 6 Vestal Virgins who tended the sacred fire of Rome were her priestesses. Ita vērō!

126. Major Roman Gods Zeus = Jupiter Hera = Juno Poseidon = Neptune Hades = Pluto Athena = Minerva Ares = Mars Hermes = Mercury Apollo = Apollo Artemis = Diana Aphrodite = Venus Hephaestus = Vulcan Dionysus = Bacchus Demeter = Ceres Hestia = Vesta