1. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Ten Sexual Variations and Paraphilic Behavior

2. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. What Are Sexual Variations? Sexuality can be expressed in a variety of ways Atypical sexual behavior is statistically uncommon behavior Most variation is not identified as a psychological disorder

3. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. What Is Paraphilia? Characterized by recurrent or intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors lasting at least 6 months involving: 1.Nonhuman objects 2.Suffering or humiliation of self or partner 3.Children or other nonconsenting people

4. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Paraphilia The paraphilic behavior is predominant in their life Distinction between sexual variation and paraphilia is sometimes a difference of degree, not kind Majority of diagnosis involve males

5. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Paraphilias Behaviors tend to be compulsive and long-standing May lead to legal and interpersonal difficulties, it may seem irresistible Vocabulary and categories change across time

6. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Judgments of Sexual Behavior Nymphomaniacs Satyriasis

7. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Highly Sexual Women Historical term: Nymphomaniacs Desires sexual stimulation to orgasm 6- 7 times per week Self identified Sexuality an important part of their life and identity

8. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Noncoercive Paraphilias An important aspect of paraphilias is whether they involve coercion Noncoercive paraphilias regarded as victimless and relatively benign Noncoercive paraphilias are consensual

9. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Important Distinction Consensual variation is not paraphilia or a disorder Paraphilia is not the same as consensual variation Consensual variation and noncoercive paraphilia may be the same

10. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sexual Variation: Domination and Submission Consensual sexual role-playing: one person dominates and the other submits Also known as sadomasochism (S&M) –A form of fantasy sex carefully controlled by shared and elaborate scripts –Power is central element –Not considered paraphilic as consensual Most widely known form is bondage and discipline (B&D)

11. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Domination and Submission Top and Bottom Dominatrix Illusion of harm is important Humiliation can occur in many forms Klismophilia Urophilia Coprophilia Infantilism Kennelism

12. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Noncoercive Paraphilias Fetishism: sexual attraction to an object which is required or preferred for sexual arousal Partialism: exclusive attraction to particular body parts To meet APA definition of fetishism as a disorder, one must not be able to have satisfactory sex without the fetish

13. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Noncoercive Paraphilias: Transvestism Wearing of clothing associated with other gender for sexual arousal Different from transsexualism Many value transvestitism as an important part of their life Most men who engage in this practice are heterosexual and masculine in gender role

14. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Coercive Paraphilias Zoophilia: animals are preferred sexual outlet even when other outlets are available Voyeurism: nonconsensual observation of others for the purpose of sexual arousal –Video voyeurism Exhibitionism: exposure of genitals to a nonconsenting stranger

15. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Coercive Paraphilias Telephone scatalogia: non-consensual telephoning of strangers; often involves obscene language Frotteurism: touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person for the purpose of sexual arousal Necrophilia: sexual contact with a corpse

16. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Coercive Paraphilias Pedophilia: recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child A person with pedophilia must be at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than the child

17. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Other Sex Pedophilia Pedophilia in which the sex of victim and perpetrator are different is more common than same-sex pedophilia Most convicted perpetrators are male, most victims female The fact that a child is vulnerable is more important than gender

18. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Pedophilia and Relationships Majority of pedophiles know their victim and their family About half of pedophiles are or have been married Most common activities: fondling and masturbation

19. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Coercive Paraphilia: Female Pedophilia Few reported cases of females with pedophilia Stereotypes of female nurturance may hamper recognition of pedophilic activities Male child victims may not recognize the event as abuse

20. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Sadism: urges or fantasies of intentionally inflicting real physical or psychological pain or suffering on a partner Masochism: recurring sexual urge or fantasy of being humiliated or caused to suffer through real acts, not simulated ones Autoerotic asphyxia: a form of sexual masochism linking strangulation with masturbatory activities

21. Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Origins and Treatment of Paraphilias Paraphilias are likely the result of social/environmental, psychological, and biological factors Difficult to treat, relapses often occur Multi-faceted approaches that include enhancing social and sexual skills may assist recovery Prevention has been shown to be best approach