1. Highlight results from the MAGIC telescopes E LISA P RANDINI * Padova University & INFN From neutrino to multimessenger astronomy : status and perspectives Marseilles 4 th April 2011 *Mail to: prandini@pd.infn.it

2. O UTLINE 2 MAGIC: A LOW ENERGY THRESHOLD IACT R ECENT RESULTS o G ALACTIC o E XTRAGALACTIC F INAL REMARKS

3. M AIN IACT O BSERVATORIES IN THE WORLD MAGIC H.E.S.S. VERITAS 3

4. T HE T E V S KY H.E.S.S. MAGIC & VERITAS 4 From: TeVCat http://tevcat.uchicago.edu/ 46 extragalactic objects 61 galactic objects 46 extragalactic objects 61 galactic objects

5. T HE MAGIC T ELESCOPES  Energy threshold ~50 GeV (~ 25 GeV with a special trigger)  FOV 3.5 o  Energy Resolution ~16% (E>300 GeV)  Angular Resolution ~0.07 o (E>300 GeV)  Sensitivity (5  in 50 hours) ~0.8% Crab Nebula flux (> 250 GeV) MAGIC I (2004) MAGIC II (2009) 5

6. MAGIC: T HE I NSTRUMENT SIGNAL TRANSPORT IP E CECE NE T ACQUISITION SYSTEM MIRRORS STRUCTURE CAMERA 6

7. Cosmology and fundamental physics Source detection and monitoring MAGIC A STROPHYSICS 7 Populate the TeV sky Origin of the emission (and CRs)  -ray propagation Dark Matter and new physics

8. T HE STEREO I MPROVEMENT (2009) 8 T HE S ENSITIVITY : required observation time for DETECTION greatly reduced! a factor of two more sensitive above 250 GeV, up to factor 3 at 100 GeV a factor of two more sensitive above 250 GeV, up to factor 3 at 100 GeV

9. A CHIEVEMENTS … New discoveries ToO program MWL campaigns 9 6 new sources in 1 year! Optical triggers HE  -rays triggers Optical triggers HE  -rays triggers Characterization of the SED Combined information … AND OPEN SEARCH FIELDS Dark matter emitters GRBs …

10. 10 pulsar Supernova Remnants Supernova Remnants X-ray binaries MAGIC S OURCES

11. 11 pulsar Supernova Remnants Supernova Remnants X-ray binaries blazars FSRQs radiogalaxies MAGIC S OURCES

12. 12 pulsar Supernova Remnants Supernova Remnants X-ray binaries blazars FSRQs radiogalaxies MAGIC S OURCES Galaxy Clusters GRBs Dwarf Galaxies Unidentified objects

13. L ATEST S TEREO D ISCOVERIES 13 NGC 1275 IC 310 1ES 1215+303 4C +21.35 B3 2247+381 MAGIC J2001+435 6 new extragalactic objects in12 months!

14. A CHIEVEMENTS … New discoveries ToO program MWL campaigns 14 6 new sources in 1 year! Optical triggers HE  -ray triggers Neutrino triggers Optical triggers HE  -ray triggers Neutrino triggers Characterization of the SED Combined information … AND OPEN SEARCH FIELDS Dark matter emitters GRBs …

15. T ARGET OF O PPORTUNITY O BSERVATIONS 15 1.Discovery of new sources 2.Study of eventual correlations 1.Discovery of new sources 2.Study of eventual correlations Proposals Interesting sources list Criteria ToO Alert! MAGIC Observations Data collected according to the proposal Optical ToOs: very successful Fermi ToOs: promising Neutrino ToOs Optical ToOs: very successful Fermi ToOs: promising Neutrino ToOs

16. T ARGET OF O PPORTUNITY O BSERVATIONS 16 1.Discovery of new sources 2.Study of eventual correlations 1.Discovery of new sources 2.Study of eventual correlations Proposals Interesting sources list Criteria ToO Alert! MAGIC Observations Data collected according to the proposal Optical ToOs: very successful Fermi ToOs: promising Neutrino ToOs Optical ToOs: very successful Fermi ToOs: promising Neutrino ToOs MAGIC 13.1h S=5.8 σ ApJ 704 (2009) L129 Example - the discovery of S5 0716+714:

17. A CHIEVEMENTS … New discoveries ToO program MWL campaigns 17 Optical triggers HE  -ray triggers Neutino triggers Optical triggers HE  -ray triggers Neutino triggers Combined information Characterization of the SED … AND OPEN SEARCH FIELDS Dark matter emitters GRBs … 6 new sources in 1 year!

18. J OINT HESS-MAGIC-VERITAS CAMPAIGN OF M87 (S CIENCE 2009) VHE nucleus Peak flux knot HST-1 nucleus X-ray Radio HST-1 Core Knot D Knot A Colours: 0.2 - 6 keV (Chandra) Contours: 8 GHz radio (VLA) The M87 radio-galaxy Jet Shared monitoring HESS, MAGIC VERITAS Confirmation of day-scale variability at VHE Evidence of central origin of the VHE emission (60 Rs to the BH) Chandra jet 18

19. A CHIEVEMENTS … New discoveries ToO program MWL campaigns 19 Characterization of the SED Combined information … AND OPEN SEARCH FIELDS Dark matter emitters GRBs … 6 new sources in 1 year! Optical triggers HE  -ray triggers Neutino triggers Optical triggers HE  -ray triggers Neutino triggers

20. O UTLINE 20 MAGIC: A LOW ENERGY THRESHOLD IACT R ECENT RESULTS o G ALACTIC o E XTRAGALACTIC F INAL REMARKS Criterion: Recent/incoming publications!

21. 21 O UR STANDARD CANDLE : THE C RAB N EBULA 3.2 hours of Crab Nebula data stereoscopic system November 2009 3.2 hours of Crab Nebula data stereoscopic system November 2009 Complete coverage! preliminary

22. O UR STANDARD CANDLE : THE C RAB N EBULA 22 3.2 hours of Crab Nebula data stereoscopic system November 2009 3.2 hours of Crab Nebula data stereoscopic system November 2009 Low energy!

23. O UR STANDARD CANDLE : THE C RAB N EBULA 23 Low energy range  overlap with Fermi!

24. VHE  - RAY EMISSION FROM B INARY S YSTEMS 24 LSI +61 303  Discovered by MAGIC in 2006  Correlation between X and VHE  emission  Suggests leptonic processes are at work. MAGIC Coll. ApJ Lett 706 (2009) 27

25. VHE  - RAY EMISSION FROM B INARY S YSTEMS 25 LSI +61 303  Discovered by MAGIC in 2006  Correlation between X and VHE  emission  Suggests leptonic processes are at work. MAGIC Coll. ApJ Lett 706 (2009) 27 MAGIC Coll. ApJ 721 (2010) 843 Cyg X-3 Large MWL efforts! MAGIC measured upper limits

26. HESS J0632+057 January & February 2011: 26 Discovered by H.E.S.S VARIABLE (non detection by VERITAS) Possible binary system (compatible with VHE and X-ray sources) I NCREASED X- RAY ACTIVITY (Swift-XRT Atel) from Jan 23th 2011 on till at least Feb 6 th ToO observations:  ToO observations: o VERITAS (Atel #3153): 7&8 February Flux 4% Crab > 400 GeV o MAGIC (Atel #3161): 7-9 February Flux 3.4% Crab > 200 GeV Magic signal detection

27. P ULSAR O BSERVATIONS : THE C RAB N EBULA 27 MAGIC is the only Cherenkov telescope that has detected a pulsar: o Special LOW - ENERGY “Sum- Trigger” system o Lower threshold (but higher systematics) Pulsars: Energy cutoffs at few GeV ➙ very difficult for IACTs Crab Nebula pulsar phaseogram (Oct 2007 – Jan 2009) Clear signal Determinant to CONSTRAIN MODEL :  discards production mechanisms close to the pulsar surface, where the B-field is too high Determinant to CONSTRAIN MODEL :  discards production mechanisms close to the pulsar surface, where the B-field is too high

28. L ONG TERM STUDY OF B RIGHT E XTRAGALACTIC S OURCES 28 Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1959+650, 1ES 2344+514, PG1553+113 Strategies: MWL campaigns, ToOs

29. 29 preliminary Correlation with X-ray Jan 20 th – April 30th 2009 SED L ONG TERM STUDY OF B RIGHT E XTRAGALACTIC S OURCES Mkn 421, Mkn 501, 1ES 1959+650, 1ES 2344+514, PG1553+113 Strategies: MWL campaigns, ToOs

30. M KN 421 M WL VIEW FERMIMAGIC Both peaks are resolved! 30

31. A R ECENT D ISCOVERY : IC 310 (M ONO & S TEREO ) 31 Fermi (10-100 GeV) MAGIC Coll.,ApJ Lett. 723 (2010) L207-212 E > 400 GeV Head tail radio galaxy Observation triggered by Fermi (hard spectra) Complex FoV Variable emission (since 2008) Inner jet emission location favored

32. A R ECENT D ISCOVERY : IC 310 (M ONO & S TEREO ) 32 Head tail radio galaxy Observation triggered by Fermi (hard spectra) Complex FoV Variable emission (since 2008) Inner jet emission location favored Fermi (10-100 GeV) MAGIC Coll.,ApJ Lett. 723 (2010) L207-212 MAGIC discovery (E<400 GeV)!! ATel October 2010 E > 400 GeV

33. Dominguez et al. (2011) x x x VHE PHOTONS ABSORPTION BY THE E XTRAGALACTIC B ACKGROUND L IGHT Absorption: dF/dE OBS = (dF/dE EM ) e -  diffuse light VHE photon + diffuse light  electron-positron pair production  VHE  EBL  e + e - 33

34.  -  opacity Absorption: dF/dE OBS = (dF/dE EM ) e -  EBL Model Dominguez et al. (2011) The E NERGY T HRESHOLD plays a key role! 34

35. 3C 279 (J AN -A PR 2006) 35 6.2σ 2.2σ MAGIC: E>100 GeV MAGIC Coll., Science 320 (2008) 1752 Index 4.1+-0.68

36. 3C 279 (F OLLOW - UP O BSERVATIONS ) 36 16 th of January 2007: another flare detected (during a high optical state!) MAGIC Coll., accepted to A&A Confirms 2006 signal and short timescale variations MAGIC: E>150 GeV Optical state (KVA)

37. PKS 1222+21: MAGIC D ISCOVERY ! 37 The second most distant TeV emitter (z ~ 0.432) FSRQ One night of detection: o 17 th June 2010 Rapid variations! No cut-off observed: o Emitting region constrained to lie outside the BLR MAGIC Coll., ApJ Letters 2011, 730 L8

38. PKS 1222+21: MAGIC D ISCOVERY ! 38 The second most distant TeV emitter (z ~ 0.432) FSRQ One night of detection: o 17 th June 2010 Rapid variations! No cut-off observed: o Emitting region contrained to lie outside the BLR Challenge for blazar emission models

39. D ARK M ATTER S EARCH WITH MAGIC Dwarf Galaxies (High mass-to-light ratio) Galaxy clusters (~80% is DM) 39 MAGIC ULs from good candidates: o Segue I o Willman I o Draco Perseus (z = 0.018) Constraints on emission: o from Cosmic Rays o through Dark Matter annihilation o from NGC 1275 (Now detected at VHE) MAGIC Coll, ApJ 710 (2010) 634 Peresus Cluster MAGIC-1 only Nov-Dec 2008  - RAYS FROM DM SELF - ANNIHILATION MAGIC Coll, submitted to JCAP MAGIC Coll, ApJ 697,1299 (2009) MAGIC Coll, ApJ, 679, 428 (2008)

40. M ANY NEW DISCOVERIES … 1 YEAR OF A-T ELS : 40 1. 25 February 2011: MAGIC OBSERVES A VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA - RAY FLARE FROM 1ES 0806+524 2. 11 February 2011: MAGIC CONFIRMS VHE GAMMA - RAY EMISSION FROM HESS J0632+057 BETWEEN 7-9 F EB 2011 3. 6 J ANUARY 2011: D ISCOVERY OF V ERY H IGH E NERGY G AMMA -R AY E MISSION FROM 1ES 1215+303 BY MAGIC 4. 23 O CTOBER 2010: N O SIGNIFICANT ENHANCEMENT IN THE VHE GAMMA - RAY FLUX OF THE C RAB N EBULA MEASURED BY MAGIC IN S EPTEMBER 2010 5. 10 O CTOBER 2010: D ISCOVERY OF V ERY H IGH E NERGY G AMMA -R AY E MISSION FROM NGC 1275 BY MAGIC 6. 7 October 2010: D ISCOVERY OF V ERY H IGH E NERGY G AMMA -R AY E MISSION FROM B3 2247+381 BY MAGIC 7. 22 July 2010: Discovery of Very High Energy gamma-ray emission from 1FGL J2001.1+4351 by MAGIC 8. 19 June 2010: MAGIC DETECTS A VHE FLARE FROM 4C +21.35 (PKS 1222+21) 9. 9 April 2010: VERITAS AND MAGIC R EPORT F LARING IN V ERY H IGH E NERGY G AMMA R AYS FROM M 87 10. 25 M ARCH 2010: MAGIC DETECTS VHE GAMMA - RAY EMISSION FROM IC 310

41. Strong points of MAGICFuture plans 41 Low energy threshold o Overlapping with Fermi o Deep universe New stereoscopic system Fast repositioning (sensitivity to transients: GRB) Moon observations MAGIC upgrade ( IMPROVE LOW ENERGY SENSITIVITY ): o M1 Camera o Trigger o Readout electronics … many new discoveries!! C ONCLUSIONS Improved trigger acceptance and energy threshold Less noise

42. Strong points of MAGICFuture plans 42 Low energy threshold o Overlapping with Fermi o Deep universe New stereoscopic system Fast repositioning (sensitivity to transients: GRB) Moon observations MAGIC upgrade ( IMPROVE LOW ENERGY SENSITIVITY ): o M1 Camera o Trigger o Readout electronics … many new discoveries!! C ONCLUSIONS Thanks! Improved trigger acceptance and energy threshold Less noise

43. Backup Slides 43

44. T HE VHE  - RAY SKY : A NEW FIELD 44

45. B LAZARS SED: BEAMING EFFECTS Collimation (sin  =1/  ) Time:  t OBS =  t EM /  Energy: OBS =  EM Luminosity: L OBS =  p L EM Rs < c  t VAR / (1+z) 45  Doppler factor  p ~ 4

46. D ETECTION TECHNIQUE 46

47. MAGIC C AMERA M1: 377 0.1 o PMTs, 180 0.2 o M2: 1039 0.1 o PMTs QE ~ 30% 47

48. MAGIC T RIGGER Multi-level: o L0: threshold o L1: temporal and spatial coincidence (topology) o L2: topological constraints to the images (flag mode) o L3: stereo coincidence 48