1. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 Stelio Montebugnoli IRA -INAF- Bologna –Italy- SKADS 4th -Lisbon- Oct 2-3, 2008

2. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008

3. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6  110 mt E/W N/S  24 mt 4 receivers F=408 MHz @ 16 MHz BEST-1: 170 sqm 4 Rx BEST-2 : 1400 sqm 32 Rx BEST-3: 3200 sqm 60 Rx (14 cylinders +1 E/w 24 mt line) equivalent to a 64 mt diameter dish

4. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 (More details are reported in the J. Monari talk) DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks optical fiber F.E. Developed - Single end front end - Differential front end - Balanced front end Main requirements: - Low cost - Low noise - Reliable - High dynamic range IF A/D & Data Proc. LO distributor LO OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E. Synth. Sync

5. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 Reliabilty prediction exercise for the front end The analysis has been implemented by means of MIL-HDBK-217H reliability database Hypothesis: Reliability Block Diagram: series configuration 100% Duty cycle Operating Temperature: 40°C MilStd Ground Mobile Operating environment: MilStd Ground Mobile (Front-end) and MilStd Ground Fixed Uncontrolled MilStd Ground Fixed Uncontrolled (Downconversion) Reliability Data (MTBF) Front-end: 127365 hours  14.5 Years RELIABILITY PREDICTION By the evaluation of MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) variations while still in the project design phase, it is possible to increase the system reliability. Florence College of Engineering

6. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 Optical Tx Optical Rx DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks optical fiber IF A/D & Data Proc. LO distributor LO OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E. Synth. Sync

7. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 (More details are reported in the F. Perini talk) Collaboration with ANDREW WIRELESS SYSTEMS and MITEQ on analogue optical links will last till the end of SKADS IRA is collaborating with : AWS  on the test of a 4.5 GHZ Tx, equipped with a cooled Laser. MITEQ  to optimize a standard commercial products to satisfy the requirements. A plan to design an ad hoc low cost optical link is considered as well. … VCSEL represents the only way to reduce costs of the optical link. IRA plans for a prototype at the end of SKADS but it is not clear the role that ANDREW and MITEQ will play in this task. DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks optical fiber IF A/D & Data Proc. LO distributor LO OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E. Synth. Sync

8. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks Xmas tree OL distribution Div x 8 IF A/D & Data Proc. LO distributor LO OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E. Synth. optical fiber Sync

9. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 IF A/D & Data Proc. LO distributor LO OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E. Synth. optical fiber Sync DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks A/Filt. A/D & Data Proc. OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E. Synth. optical fiber Sync RF Direct Digitization …potentially possible with the “Casper” system… BEST works at 408 MHz and the A/D can sample at more the 1 GS/s.

10. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks Input of Optical fibre IF A/D & Data Proc. LO distributor LO OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E. Synth. optical fiber Sync

11. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks IF A/D & Data Proc. LO distributor LO OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E.. optical fiber Sync Sync x 32 for A/Ds

12. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 Low Noise balanced Amplifier IF Amplifier Architecture and technology for immediate application on the BEST - x demonstrator construction (T0+10mo). Optical Fiber To A/D & Signal Proc. From Sensor

13. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks IF A/D & Data Proc. LO distributor LO OP. Rx OP. Tx F.E.. optical fiber Sync For the A/Ds and post processing blocks, the Berkeley- CASPER Boards have been used….

14. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks Wide band A/D converter: dual 8 bits @ 1 GS/Sec converter (4 A/D for each IBOB packetizer board Wide band A/D FPGA CASPER system : A/D+ IBOBs + Bee2 Our collaboration is starting with South Africa and Berkeley A/D+ IBOB A/D and data Processing

15. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks One Bee2 board can deliver 500 GOps/sec with a 400 W power supply. 6.7 MOps /€ 1.25 GOps/W A/D and data Processing Xilinx Virtex 2 Pro 70 (100 as well)

16. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks A/D and data Processing A 32 receivers FX correlator (2048 ch) has been programmed in 1 week time in the frame of a colalboration starting from South Africa (Alan Langman, Jason Manley), IRA and Berkeley (D. Werthimer, Aaron Parsons).

17. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 ∑ FFTZ -n FFTZ -n FFTZ -n ∑∑ DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks Basic FX Correlator block diagram

18. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks Basic Modular FX Correlator block diagram

19. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 FX correlator with Bee-2 - Complex multiply allows for fine delay control and per channel digital gain control - White coloured blocks not yet implemented DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks

20. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks 1-2 interferometer CAS. A, 1 h of data Rx1, Rx 2 baseline (outermost receivers). The fringes are clearly visible. However, the RFI are quite big.

21. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks 1-2 interferometer CAS. A, 1 h of data …… with the RFI flagged. The fringes are now clean.

22. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 CAS. A, 1 h of data DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks CAS.A with strong RFIs (Tv station in the lower part of the band) CAS. A, 1 h of data

23. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks CAS. A, 1 h of data CAS.A with strong RFIs (the Tv station in the lower part of the band are mitigated)

24. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: T4 Phased array on concentrators Focusing the task with J.G. B.de Vaate and Laurens Bakker It could be feasible to install a tile on the focal line… …..but after an electromagnetic analysis

25. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008

26. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008

27. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 A zoom shows the strong source in the center and the image artifacts. The deconvolution worked very well. Most of the source has been phased up into a single pixel at 50deg 48min 53.6s (CAS) DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks

28. S.Montebugnoli BEST 4 th SKADS Workshop, Lisbon, 2-3 October 2008 DS-6: Basic architecture & related blocks