1. www.ag-physics.org 1 The Origin of Mass: - Inertial Mass - München 2009 by Albrecht Giese, Hamburg The Origin of Mass 1

2. www.ag-physics.org 2 Contents 1.The elementary particle is extended - how do we know? 2.The inertia of an extended system - the general mechanism 3.The inertial mass - quantitative determination 4.The extended elementary particle - the relation of this model to present particle theories 2 ‘ The Origin of Mass

3. www.ag-physics.org 3 Particle Model Arguments  Special Relativity: Cause of dilation  Magnetic moment in the presence of el. charge  Spin  “Zitterbewegung” of the electron (consequence of the Dirac function) 3 ‘ The Origin of Mass Elementary particles are extended

4. www.ag-physics.org 4 “Zitterbewegung” (Schrödinger) Completed  Structure of an Elementary Particle: ‘ No conflict with the experiments (de Broglie 1924 ) (Dirac / Schrödinger 1928/30) (Relativity) (Momentum law) orbit (Spin, mag. moment) This is called here the Basic Particle Model valid for every elementary particle The Origin of Mass 4

5. www.ag-physics.org 5 Basic Mechanism of Mass 5 ‘ The Origin of Mass Every extended system has inevitably an inertial behaviour; this is independent of any eventual mass of the constituents Cause is the finite speed of light ‘c’

6. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 6 Static field of a point charge ‘ The Origin of Mass 6 U

7. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 7 Field of a moving charge ‘ The Origin of Mass 7 U

8. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 8 Static Bind of Two Particles ‘ Note: The binding force is the strong force The Origin of Mass 8

9. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 9 Bind of Particles at Distance ‘ The Origin of Mass 9

10. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 10 Bind of Particles at distance in motion ‘ F rr rr F The Origin of Mass 10

11. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 11 The Mass Equation ‘ The classical magnetic moment:    Or both equations combined: = Bohr magneton in case of the electron universally valid for all elem. particles Radius R computed from the magnetic moment  and then inserted above  the correct mass m universal for all elem. particles! The Origin of Mass 11 Or, the other way: from m el and µ el  R el = 3.86*10 -13 m; Dirac/Schrödinger: R el  4*10 -13 m

12. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 12 Mass and Increase of Mass ‘ Relativistic increase of mass: From  Spin: Classical angular momentum Putting the object to motion:  (popular ) is constant The Origin of Mass 12

13. www.ag-physics.org /rmass 13 The physical meaning of ħ and  ‘ From the equations: where So Planck’s constant ħ is fully defined by the field strength of the Strong Interaction, and it defines the Strong Interaction we get which depends on the field constant of the bind and on natural constants (as ‘c’) and The fine structure constant  is defined as follows: is the strength of the electric field So, indicates the relation between the electric and strong field The Origin of Mass 13

14. www.ag-physics.org 14 Particle Model Arguments  Special Relativity: Cause of dilation  Magnetic moment in the presence of el. charge  Spin  “Zitterbewegung” of the electron (consequence of the Dirac function) 14 ‘ The Origin of Mass Elementary particles are extended

15. www.ag-physics.org 15 Conflict with present particle theories? 15 ‘ The Origin of Mass Mainstream objections against this model: 1. Experiments at LEP (CERN) and HERA (DESY) have proven that elementary particles are point-like 2. Basic Particle Model does not conform to QED and QCD. These theories have very precise results and state point-like particles 3. The Higgs Model explains mass

16. www.ag-physics.org 16 Conflict with present particle theories? 16 ‘ The Origin of Mass Objection 1: “Experiments at LEP (CERN) and HERA (DESY) have proven that elementary particles are point-like” Argument: In case of an internal structure inelastic scattering would cause the particle to be excited or decomposed. Counter-argument: A. With constituents without mass a decomposition is not possible B. With constituents already moving at ‘c’ no excitation is possible

17. www.ag-physics.org 17 Conflict with present particle theories? 17 ‘ The Origin of Mass Objection 2: The Basic Particle Model is in clear conflict to QED and QCD. These theories have very precise results and state point-like particles So the model must be wrong. Counter-argument: Present theories (QED and QCD) are mathematical models with little physics within. They treat an elementary particle as a black box – they describe certain properties of particles very precisely, others not at all. Historical example: The Rydberg-Formula (  1900) treated the atom as a black box without an internal structure. Nevertheless it described the energy levels of the atom very precisely

18. www.ag-physics.org 18 ‘ The Origin of Mass Conflict with present particle theories? Objection 3: There is already a theory to explain mass: The Higgs Theory. – Nothing more is needed Counter-argument: A. The Higgs Theory assumes an a-priory mass for the Higgs boson. So it does not explain mass from the scratch as is necessary State 1: No massState 2: Mass Mass generating process Higgs: State 1:Higgs mass State 2: Mass??/New mass?? Mass generating process?? X

19. www.ag-physics.org 19 ‘ The Origin of Mass Conflict with present particle theories? Objection 3 (cont.): There is already a theory to explain mass: The Higgs Theory. – Nothing more is needed Counter-argument (cont.): B. The Higgs Theory is only possible by use of the Standard Model and Supersymmetry - The Standard Model has 19 free parameters for 12 independent particles - Incl. SuSy there are 124 free parameters for 24 independent particles. Is that a honestly usable theory?? C. No indication of the Higgs-Boson or of any SuSy particle was ever seen

20. www.ag-physics.org 20 Summary: What is the explaining potential of this model?  The “Mass” of a particle  The magnetic moment  The constancy of the spin  Newton’s law of motion  Energy conservation (in mechanics) ‘‘  Special Relativity - Dilation - Increase of mass - Mass-Energy-Relation The Basic Particle Model explains:  General Relativity / Gravity with - Dark Matter - Dark Energy - Quantum Gravity The Origin of Mass 20

21. www.ag-physics.org /gravity 21 The End ‘ The Origin of Mass 21