1. Drone Warfare against Mosquitoes Group: Nauman Afridi, Michael Benison, and Jenai Booker 12/13/2013 Source: www.xheli.com

2. Uses and Benefits of Drones ❏ Remote Controlled Drones ❏ Cheaper to build and operate ❏ Controlled completely by humans ❏ Smart Drones ❏ Only a few humans are necessary to operate it ❏ Could be more effective in locating breeding grounds ❏ Pre-programmed ❏ Easy to operate ❏ Stable, routine action

3. Dengue Virus ❏ Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by the bite of striped Aedes aegypti mosquitoe ❏ Causes Severe Flu like illness with Headache, fever,joint pain and if untreated causes death.

4. Dengue Outbreak in Punjab Province Pakistan ❏ First case was detected in 1994 ❏ Severe dengue epidemic in 2011 in the Punjab Province ❏ Since then 300 people killed, 16000 infected ❏ Cost of Treatment is US $1000 ❏ Cities of Lahore and Rawalpindi were the most affected

5. Preventive Actions by the Government Spraying of insecticides by hand held and vehicle mounted spraying machines

6. Dengue Spraying Machines

7. Preventive Measures ( Contd…) Killing mosquito larvae in open waters: ❏ introducing fish ❏ using chemicals

8. Costs To the Government in the city of Rawalpindi ActivityCost US $ Insecticides20,000 Equipment etc20,000 Patient Treatment Cost (Approx 300 patients in 2013)300,000 Staff training5,000 Awareness Campaign5,000 Misc10,000 Total360,000

9. Proposal ❏ Introduce a drone pilot project in the city of Rawalpindi. ❏ Cost of drones varies from US $20,000 to US $ 80,000 ❏ Florida Keys Mosquito Control district is testing drones to detect mosquito larvae sites and kill them.

10. Advantages ❏ Reduced cost due to: ❏ Effective control of breeding sites ❏ No training of ground staff ❏ Lesser awareness campaigns ❏ Lesser burden on government officials ❏ Live monitoring by health officials ❏ Easy maneuverability and reaching inaccessible areas.