1. 血管生理

2. Hemodynamics w Blood flow: flow velocity is related to total cross-sectional area (sum of total cross sections of all capillaries Laminar flow Turbulent flow

4. Blood flow through vessels depends on the pressure gradient and vascular w F=P/R w F:flow rate of blood through a vessel w P: pressure gradient w R: resistance of blood vessels

6. Poiseuille’s law

7. Arterial system w As a conduit for blood between the heart and capillaries w as a preeusure reservoir for forcing blood into the small-diameter arterioles w dampen oscillations in pressure and flow w control distribution of blood to different capillary network

12. Blood pressure w Measurement w direct method w indirect method w systolic pressure w diastolic pressure w pulse pressure

14. Direct measurement Transducer BPamplifier Recording system A/D converter PC printer

17. Effect of gravity and body position

18. Arteriole w The major resistance vessels w control of distribution of blood flow w pressure drop from 97 mmHg to 37 mmHg

19. Arteriolar tone w Vasoconstriction ↑ Myogenic activity ↑oxygen ↓carbon dioxide and other metabolites ↑sympathetic stimulation, ADH, AII. Cold w Vasodition ↓ myogenic activity ↓ Oxygen ↑ CO2 and other metabolites ↑adenosine release ↓ sympathetic stimum, histamine release, heat endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) such as NO

22. Venous system w Blood conduit for flowing through w blood reservoir

23. Factors influencing venous return w Sleleta-muscle pump w respiratory pump w cardiac pump

24. Capillaries and microcirculation

29. Lymphatic system