1. NARRATIVE WRITING

2. Examples of narration Short stories Novels Biographies Fairy-tales
Fantasy
Detective stories

3. Purpose:
The purpose of a narrative text is to tell a story. Provide details in the sequence the events occur.
There has to be a complication to increase the interest of the reader
The story must have a definite ending.

4. A good narrative: Involves readers in the story
Tells events in sequence
Includes detailed observations of people, places, and events
Presents important changes, contrasts, or conflicts and creates tension
Focuses on connection between past events, people, or places and the present

5. The text of a narrative is organized into:
An orientation (introduction)that tells us about the who?, where? and when? of the story. This is also known as the setting.
A sequence of events (main body) that leads to a complication where some problem confronting the characters arises.
A resolution (conclusion) where the crisis caused by the complication is solved. In short stories this is often at the very end of the story.

6. TIPS Always decide on your plot before you start writing!
Always decide on your plot before you start writing!
Sequence of events is very important. Use time words such as: at first, before, until, while, during, then, after, finally, etc.
Use various adjectives (disgusting, terrified…) and adverbs (desperately, surprisingly, etc) to describe feelings and actions
Use linking words or phrases to join the ideas and make your story flow.

7. TIPS
Use direct speech.
Variety of verbs will make your story more fascinating to read.
Be careful with the tenses you choose.
Descriptions of people, places, objects or events and descriptive techniques can be used in a narrative when you want to emphasize specific parts of your narration.

8. TECHNIQUES TO BEGIN A STORY
A good beginning is as important as a good ending. A good beginning should make your reader want to go on with your story. A good ending will make your reader feel satisfied.
You can start your story by:
Describing weather, surroundings, people, etc.
Using direct speech
Creating mystery.

9. MORE INTERESTING BEGINNING
EXAMPLES
ORDINARY BEGINNING
MORE INTERESTING BEGINNING
I woke up and got out of bed. I had a shower, ate breakfast and left
Bright morning sunlight was shining through my bedroom window when I woke. I lay there lazily for a few minutes, then jumped out of bed…

10. TECHNIQUES TO END A STORY
You can end you story by
Referring to your feelings or moods.
Describing people’s reactions to the events developed in the main body.
Creating mystery.
Asking a rhetorical question.

11. MORE INTERESTING ENDING
EXAMPLES
SIMPLE ENDING
MORE INTERESTING ENDING
At last I was home again, and soon went to bed. It had been a tiring day.
Exhausted and soaked to the skin, I slammed the front door behind me. I threw myself onto my bed, stared into the darkness and thought bitterly, “why me?”

12. EXPRESSIONS /PHRASES It was too good to be true It was a real shock
I couldn’t believe my eyes/luck
It was getting on my nerves
I was in luck / out of luck
It was the best/worst ever
Unluckily / luckily
I was in good/ bad mood
I breathed a sigh of relief
I was left speechless
I was out of relief
All of a sudden / suddenly
My heart was beating furiously
The next thing I knew
It made me jump
To my surprise
I burst out laughing / into tears
Without a doubt / Beyond any doubt