1. Ch 20 Sec 3- LBJ The Great Society Ch 20 Sec 3- LBJ The Great Society1963-1968

2. Essential Questions: What political path led LBJ to the White House? What political path led LBJ to the White House? What were the goals of the Great Society? What were the goals of the Great Society? What were some of the major programs of the Great Society? What were some of the major programs of the Great Society? How did the Supreme Court reflect the wave of liberal reform that characterized the Great Society? How did the Supreme Court reflect the wave of liberal reform that characterized the Great Society? How were the rights of the accused expanded? How were the rights of the accused expanded? What was the short term and long term impact of Great Society programs? What was the short term and long term impact of Great Society programs?

3. LBJ’s Path to Power LBJ ran for Congress as a “New Dealer” in 1937 LBJ ran for Congress as a “New Dealer” in 1937 In 1948 LBJ won a seat in the US Senate In 1948 LBJ won a seat in the US Senate LBJ was a master of party politics and behind the scenes political maneuvering LBJ was a master of party politics and behind the scenes political maneuvering LBJ efforts helped the Civil Rights Act of 1957 to be passed LBJ efforts helped the Civil Rights Act of 1957 to be passed LBJ was JFK running mate in 1960 LBJ was JFK running mate in 1960 After JFK’s assassination LBJ urged Congress to pass the civil rights and tax- cut bills that JFK had sent to Congress After JFK’s assassination LBJ urged Congress to pass the civil rights and tax- cut bills that JFK had sent to Congress

4. In Feb. 1964 Congress passed a tax cut which spurred economic growth and lowered the budget deficit In Feb. 1964 Congress passed a tax cut which spurred economic growth and lowered the budget deficit In July, LBJ pushed through the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, sex, and gave the federal government new powers of enforcement In July, LBJ pushed through the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, sex, and gave the federal government new powers of enforcement

5. The War on Poverty Early in 1964 LBJ had declared a War on Poverty Early in 1964 LBJ had declared a War on Poverty In Aug. 1964 Congress passed the Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) which provided $1 billion for youth programs, antipoverty measures, small-business loans, and job training In Aug. 1964 Congress passed the Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) which provided $1 billion for youth programs, antipoverty measures, small-business loans, and job training (EOA) created: (EOA) created: –Job Corps Youth Training Programs –VISTA –Volunteers in Service to America –Project Head Start – Ed. For underprivileged kids –Community Action Programs (CAPS)

7. The Election of 1964 LBJ (D) Vs Barry Goldwater (R) LBJ (D) Vs Barry Goldwater (R) Goldwater believed the federal government had no business trying to right the wrongs of poverty, discrimination, and economic opportunity Goldwater believed the federal government had no business trying to right the wrongs of poverty, discrimination, and economic opportunity Goldwater wanted to make Social Security voluntary, and sell the TVA Goldwater wanted to make Social Security voluntary, and sell the TVA Goldwater mentioned he might use nuclear weapons on Cuba and Vietnam Goldwater mentioned he might use nuclear weapons on Cuba and Vietnam LBJ won in a landslide and the Democrats increased their majority in Congress LBJ won in a landslide and the Democrats increased their majority in Congress

10. LBJ launches The Great Society LBJ wanted to end poverty and racial injustice LBJ wanted to end poverty and racial injustice The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 provided $1 billion in aid to help public and parochial schools The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 provided $1 billion in aid to help public and parochial schools Medicare provided low-cost health benefits to Americans 65 or older Medicare provided low-cost health benefits to Americans 65 or older Medicaid extended health insurance to the poor or welfare recipients Medicaid extended health insurance to the poor or welfare recipients Department of Housing and Urban Development was established (HUD) Department of Housing and Urban Development was established (HUD) 240,000 low rent public houses, and $

12. The Great Society II The Immigration Act of 1965 opened the door for many non-European immigrants to settle in the US by ending the quotas of the 1920’s based on nationality The Immigration Act of 1965 opened the door for many non-European immigrants to settle in the US by ending the quotas of the 1920’s based on nationality The Water Quality Act of 1965 required states to clean up rivers, it resulted from Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring about pesticides, and spurred the environmental movement The Water Quality Act of 1965 required states to clean up rivers, it resulted from Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring about pesticides, and spurred the environmental movement Congress established safety standards for cars as a result of Ralph Nadar’s Unsafe at Any Speed Congress established safety standards for cars as a result of Ralph Nadar’s Unsafe at Any Speed The Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 The Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 The Truth in Packaging Act of 1966 The Truth in Packaging Act of 1966

15. Other Great Society Programs The Higher Education Act of 1965 funded scholarships and low-interest loans for college students The Higher Education Act of 1965 funded scholarships and low-interest loans for college students National Foundation for the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 was created to assistance to painters, musicians, actors, and other artists National Foundation for the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 was created to assistance to painters, musicians, actors, and other artists Corporation of Public Broadcasting 1967 Corporation of Public Broadcasting 1967 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Highway Safety Act of 1966 The Highway Safety Act of 1966 The Air Quality Act of 1967 The Air Quality Act of 1967

16. The Warren Court Chief Justice Earl Warren Chief Justice Earl Warren Brown vs. The Board of Education – 1954 Banned Segregation in public schools Brown vs. The Board of Education – 1954 Banned Segregation in public schools Banned state sanctioned prayer in public schools Banned state sanctioned prayer in public schools Declared Loyalty Oaths unconstitutional Declared Loyalty Oaths unconstitutional Baker Vs Carr 1962 and Reynolds Vs Simms 1964 stated that Federal Courts could tell states to redivide their districts for more equal representation (Reapportionment – the drawing of election districts) “One Person, one Vote.” Baker Vs Carr 1962 and Reynolds Vs Simms 1964 stated that Federal Courts could tell states to redivide their districts for more equal representation (Reapportionment – the drawing of election districts) “One Person, one Vote.”

18. Rights of the Accused Mapp Vs Ohio (1961) Evidence seized illegally could not be used in state courts Mapp Vs Ohio (1961) Evidence seized illegally could not be used in state courts Gideon Vs Wainwright ( 1963) Free legal council to those who cannot afford it Gideon Vs Wainwright ( 1963) Free legal council to those who cannot afford it Escobedo Vs Illinois (1964) Accused person has the right for a lawyer to be present during questioning Escobedo Vs Illinois (1964) Accused person has the right for a lawyer to be present during questioning Miranda Vs Arizona ( 1966) All suspects must have their rights read Miranda Vs Arizona ( 1966) All suspects must have their rights read Liberals praised the decisions, Conservatives hated the decisions because they impeded police officers Liberals praised the decisions, Conservatives hated the decisions because they impeded police officers

20. Impact of the Great Society Poverty fell from 21% in 1962 to 11% in 1973 Poverty fell from 21% in 1962 to 11% in 1973 Spending for the Great Society increased the growing year to year budget deficit Spending for the Great Society increased the growing year to year budget deficit Limited $ reached poor people due to complex programs that were tough to implement Limited $ reached poor people due to complex programs that were tough to implement Disillusioned inner city residents rioted in protest Disillusioned inner city residents rioted in protest A Conservative backlash began to take shape (Reagan Gov. of Ca 1966) A Conservative backlash began to take shape (Reagan Gov. of Ca 1966) Vietnam War overshadowed it and took $ Vietnam War overshadowed it and took $