1. Practical Distributed Authorization for GARA Andy Adamson and Olga Kornievskaia Center for Information Technology Integration University of Michigan, USA

2. Outline Background and motivation Security architecture of the current scheme Design of the authorization framework Modified authentication mechanism Video clip of the demo Reservation flow walk through

3. Background Grid computing is an initiative for advancement of distributed computing that enables flexible sharing of resources distributed among administrative domains GARA: General-purpose Architecture for Reservation and Allocation: Quality of Service reservation mechanism for different types of resources Project partners: University of Michigan (Physics, CITI), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Merit, and others…

4. End to End Performance Reliable high-speed end to end network services are important to scientific collaborators –Video, audio, large data transfers Long haul networks demonstrate good performance due to overprovisioning The Last-mile is often a network bottleneck Reliable end-to-end network service is achieved by reserving network resources within end-point institution networks, coupled with the good performance of overprovisioned long haul networks.

5. Automated network reservation QoS functionality is a common feature in network hardware QoS configuration is currently done by hand We address the need for an automated network reservation system Security of all communications is vital Difficult security problem due to cross-domain nature of end-to-end network resource allocation

6. Project based on Globus GARA GARA is a GRID network reservation service GARA uses the PKI based Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) for authentication and coarse authorization –Authentication uses long-term PK and short term proxy credentials –Authorization is controlled by an ACL-based flat file Our contributions: –Fine-grained cross-domain authorization –PK credentials based on Kerberos identity –Secure web interface

7. Cross-domain Authorization Use existing local group services –Avoid replicating data and management tasks Group name-space shared by domains –Local administrators manage group membership as usual KeyNote Policy Engine makes authorization decision Fine-grained authorization expressed in KeyNote policy rules –Group membership –Amount of bandwidth allowed –Time/duration of reservation

8. Local Domain Authorization Local GARA contacts local group service to see what groups a user is a member of Group membership passed into KeyNote along with reservation request parameters KeyNote compares input parameters to rules If authorized, the local GARA client: –Packages and signs username and group membership –Adds it to the reservation request that is forwarded to the remote site

9. Remote domain Authorization Remote GARA accepts and verifies the username/group membership from the wire Group membership is passed into KeyNote along with reservation request parameters KeyNote compares input parameters to the rules to make authorization decision If remote authorization fails, reservation at the previous node is cancelled.

10. Kerberos leveraged PKI: kx.509 Browser User KCT Web Server KCA Sign my short-term key SSL handshake (recorded) SSL transcript   Service ticket

11. Web server as proxy GARA client Local GARA KeyNote Remote GARA KeyNote Web Server GARA client Group Service Router Pool Signed group membership => Request group membership AFS PTS or LDAP

12. Demonstration: UMICH to CERN Multiple security realms AFS Protection Server (PTS) is used for the local group service MJPEG video conferencing application –10 MB/sec stream each way, 147ms round trip –RTP headers record packet loss statistics Iperf traffic generated at each end across video and audio receiving router interface Cisco 6506 at UMICH, Cisco 7500 at CERN

13. Demonstration: UMICH to CERN Note high quality video and audio Turn on Iperf traffic at one end to degrade video and audio signal Place a reservation in the near future (1 minute) for a short duration (20 seconds) Note degraded video and audio return to high quality during the 20 second reservation, in spite of competing traffic generation Note degraded video and audio return at the end of the reservation

14. Cisco 6506 GARA Service AFS PTS Group Service Web Server GARA Client KCA KCT/KDC Browser CITI.UMICH.EDU ATLAS.UMICH.EDU IGRID2002 GARA Service Cisco 7206 KINIT KX509 SSL RX GSI TELNET SSH MJpeg Host Reserved Video Conference “Big Picture”

15. Any Questions? http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/qos

16. Demonstration: UMICH to CERN We demonstrated that a reservation failed if: –User not in correct group –Requested bandwidth out of bounds –Time of request is out of bounds

17. Future directions On going project extends the existing infrastructure to accommodate general web based network monitoring tools