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Foreign Policy and War in a Progressive Era

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Presentation on theme: "Foreign Policy and War in a Progressive Era"— Presentation transcript:

1 Foreign Policy and War in a Progressive Era 1890-1919
Chapter 20 Foreign Policy and War in a Progressive Era © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2 Continuing Expansion Alfred Thayer Mahan - The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Mahan argued that all great nations in history had great navies that could control the world’s oceans and, specifically, that the U.S. Navy needed to be large enough to be a significant player in the Pacific. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3 Alaska William H. Seward, U.S. Sec. of State under Lincoln & Johnson
Seward buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million, less than 2¢ an acre Seward’s “icebox,” Seward’s “folly” 1867- annexed the Midway Islands © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4 Hawaii 1887 - the U.S. gains rights to a naval base at Pearl Harbor
Americans soon formed an economic elite on the islands. discontented American planters, led by Sanford Dole, revolt Hawai`i becomes an American possession © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5 The U.S. in the World, 1900 MAP 20-1, The U.S. in the World, 1900
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 The Splendid Little War
The Splendid Little War...With Spain—Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, 1898 1890s - all that remained of Spain’s once great empire - Cuba & Puerto Rico As a result of a short war—which future Secretary of State John Hay called “a splendid little war”—Spain lost the last of its holdings. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7 Tensions in Cuba Feb full-fledged insurrection broke out in Cuba against Spanish rule Spain decided to crack down on the Cuban rebels Spanish General Valeriano Weyler instituted the “reconcentrado” policy The American press dubbed him “Butcher” Weyler © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 War in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands
Feb. 15, the Battleship Maine explodes in Havana harbor, killing 260 men onboard Dewey takes Manila U.S. captures Cuba and Puerto Rico © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

9 The Anti-Imperialists
Aftermath of the war in the Philippines results in a guerilla war between the Filipinos and the Americans. Terrible atrocities committed by both sides March Aguinaldo captured and forced to end the fighting The Philippines would not receive their independence until July 4, 1946 © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10 Foreign Policy, Foreign Adventures, 1900–1914
Theodore Roosevelt inherited two major foreign policy issues from McKinley. The ongoing war in the Philippines The question of a Central American canal © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11 A Canal in Panama After much debate, the U.S. decided on Panama, at the time an isolated province of Columbia Roosevelt: “I will make the dirt fly” Took 10 years to build, $375 million 50 miles long 43,000 men working Cut 7,800 miles off N.Y. to San Francisco © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

12 The United States, Russia, Japan, and China
The Great White Fleet In December 1907, Roosevelt sent the U.S. Navy on a grand tour around the world. Roosevelt wanted to demonstrate growing American military power and naval capability. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

13 Woodrow Wilson’s Asian Policy
Tensions with China Tensions with Japan California legislature adopted a law that no one “ineligible for citizenship” could buy land in California. Since Japanese immigrants could not become citizens, everyone knew at whom the law was directed. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14 Mexico and Latin America
Wilson and U.S. refuse to recognize the new government in Mexico Meanwhile, in 1916, Francisco “Pancho” Villa revolts Sends 11,000 troops under Gen. John J. Pershing to Mexico to capture Villa Villa went uncaptured; Pershing ordered home in 1917 with events unfolding in Europe © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

15 U.S. Intervention in the Caribbean and Latin America
MAP 20-2, U.S. Intervention in the Caribbean and Latin America © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16 The United States and the Great War
President-Elect Wilson told one of his former faculty colleagues, “It would be an irony of fate if my administration had to deal chiefly with foreign problems, for all my preparation has been in domestic matters.” It was an irony that would come to pass with a vengeance. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

17 War in Europe Franz Ferdinand’s fateful visit to Sarajevo, June 28, 1914 Lusitania - German U-boat destroyed it on May 7, 1915 March contents of the Zimmermann Telegram made public April 2, Wilson asks Congress for war against Imperial Germany © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

18 Europe and the Middle East Before and During World War I
MAP 20-3, Europe and the Middle East Before and During World War I © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

19 The War at Home—Support and Opposition
Committee on Public Information - a propaganda machine to influence public opinion Espionage Act of imprisonment and fines for aiding the enemy Sedition Act of forbid saying anything against the war Anti-German hysteria © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

20 War and Victory March 21, Germans launch a massive final assault July 15 - last German drive to Paris Second Battle of the Marne, turning point of the western campaign Kaiser Wilhelm II sent into exile End of the fighting: 11am, 11/11/1918 © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

21 Peace Talks, and the Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany punished Forced to accept guilt for the war Lost territory, colonies, demilitarized the Rhineland Ordered to pay $33 billion in war reparations Wilson fails, U.S. never joins the League of Nations © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

22 A Changing Middle East MAP 20-4, A Changing Middle East
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

23 Europe in 1919 MAP 20-5, Europe in 1919
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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