1. 12006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar SpaceWire Physical Layer Issues 2006 MAPLD International Conference Washington, D.C. September 25, 2006 Shaune Allen NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

2. 22006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Problem Statement  Chapter (Clause) 5 Of the SpaceWire Standard (ECSS-50-E-12A) provides a good basis for the SpaceWire Physical Layer  SpW issues should be carefully considered by the designer to insure requirements are understood and met

3. 32006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar What are the Requirements?  Jitter -not specified in the SpW Standard -Many use the recommended maximum 20% tui National Semiconductor AN-1088 Actual application may require a different requirement -Eye Pattern measurement  Skew -Pair to Pair: <0.15ns/m -Within Pair: <0.1ns/m  Bit Error Rate -not specified in the SpW Standard -often <1.0E-12 using worst case pseudo-random sequence -Actual application may require a different requirement

4. 42006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Skew and Jitter

5. 52006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Contributors to Skew Encoder Driver Decoder PCB Skew PCB Skew Connector Skew Cable Skew Connector Skew

6. 62006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar What are the Requirements?  LVDS Threshold Levels -± 100mV or minimum 200mV eye height  LVDS Common Mode Range -not specified in the SpW Standard -Often ±1V -Actual application may require a different requirement

7. 72006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar LVDS Threshold Levels

8. 82006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Common-Mode Range  LVDS signal swing should remain within the 0-2.4V range  Check your with LVDS manufacturer for specific range for your application  Common-mode range dependent upon length of cable assembly and data rate 200mV V OS = 1.2V 2.4V 0V

9. 92006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar What are the Requirements?  Cable Length -  10m suggested (should vs. shall) -Up to 20m shown to operate at applicable rates -Actual application may require a different requirement  Wire Gauge of signal wires -AWG 28 consisting of seven strands of 36 AWG wire -Current petition to add AWG 26 version to the Standard  Differential Impedance -100 ± 6  -Standard requirement Make sure design, analysis, and test supports this requirement

10. 102006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Cable length vs. data signaling rate  ANSI/TIA/EIA-644-A offers the following guidelines -The maximum permissible length of cable separating the generator and the load is a function of data signaling rate influenced by the tolerable signal distortion the amount of longitudinally coupled noise common potential differences introduced between the generator and the load circuit commons cable balance

11. 112006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Cable length vs. data signaling rate  ANSI/TIA/EIA-644-A offers the following guidelines -Eye patterns are recommended to determine the amount of jitter at the load at the application data signaling and comparing that to system requirements Typically, maximum allowable jitters tolerances range from 5% to 20% depending upon actual system requirements Testing should be done in the actual application if possible, or in a test system that models the actual application as close possible Parameters that should be taken in account include -balanced interconnect media characteristics -Termination -protocol and coding scheme -worst case data patterns (I.e. pseudo random). -The generator / receiver manufacturers and also the media manufacturers should provide additional guidance in predicting data signaling rate versus cable length curves for a particular generator / receiver and a particular media as this relationship is very dependent upon the actual characteristics of the selected devices and media.

12. 122006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Eye Patterns

13. 132006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Eye Patterns

14. 142006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Eye Patterns

15. 152006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar What are the Requirements?  Insertion Loss (or Attenuation) -not specified in the SpW Standard -Consider the requirements of the application  Return Loss -not specified in the SpW Standard -Consider the requirements of the application  Shielding Effectiveness -not specified in the SpW Standard -Consider the requirements of the application  Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) -not specified in the SpW Standard -Consider the requirements of the application

16. 162006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar What are the Requirements?  SpaceWire Standard specifies MDM-9 connector -Mismatched to 100  differential impedance of SpaceWire cable -Mechanical issues (mate/demate) -Inner shields (signal ground) pass through a single pin -Unable to pass inner shields through bulkheads -Near-end Crosstalk (NEXT)

17. 172006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar Suggested Changes to Standard  Add 26 AWG version of SpW cable to detail spec  Allow use of twinaxial connectors

18. 182006 MAPLD International ConferenceSpaceWire 101 Seminar SpaceWire Testing  Bit Error Rate Measurement  Shielding Effectiveness  Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)  Ground Bounce Susceptibility  LVDS Common Mode Range  Common Mode Rejection