1. 1 Discussion paper on Mode Construction during Validation 2 Prepared by Japan DHC group under GRPE/WLTP informal group November 2011 WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-108

2. 2 During the 7 th DHC meeting held on 16 May 2011, the possible six(6) options (refer page 3) of mode construction were proposed (refer next slide). Japan prepared different approach for mode construction from the view points of which mode construction should be. (1) Emission Limits (2) Air pollutant modeling (3) Customer information (4) Regional weighting factor (5) Testing efficiency 1. Background (6) Testing repeatability (7) Testing accuracy (8) Represent vehicle condition (9) Unique technologies (10)Unique vehicle configuration

3. 3 option Mode construction Brief description Series testindependent 1 2 MIDDLE&HIGH 1 sampling 3 similar to US procedure 4 1 HIGH phase 5 LOW&MIDDLE 1 sampling 6 All phases test as a series 2. Previous Proposals of mode constructions LOW * 582s MIDDLE * 439s HIGH * 441s Ex-HIGH * 338s LOW * 582s Intermediate soak Prep.-> SOAK MIDDLE * 439s Prep. -> LOW * 582s HIGH * 441s LOW * 582s Intermediate soak Prep.-> SOAK MIDDLE * 439s MIDDLE * 439s Ex-HIGH * 338s LOW * 582s MIDDLE * 439s HIGH * 441s LOW * 582s Intermediate soak Prep.-> SOAK MIDDLE * 439s Ex-HIGH * 338s Prep. -> LOW * 582s MIDDLE * 439s HIGH * 441s LOW * 582s Intermediate soak Prep.-> SOAK MIDDLE * 439s LOW * 582s HIGH * 441s LOW * 582s Intermediate soak Prep.-> SOAK MIDDLE * 439s MIDDLE * 439s Ex-HIGH * 338s LOW * 582s HIGH * 441s LOW * 582s Intermediate soak Prep.-> SOAK MIDDLE * 439s MIDDLE * 439s Ex-HIGH * 338s *) phase duration subject to change after obtaining the statistical information from China **) middle phase test after intermediate soak is required for HEV vehicles 1 sampling **

4. 4 3. Requirement on test cycle mode -1 Testing efficiency Testing repeatability Testing accuracy (low concentration) Represent vehicle condition Regional weighting factor Unique vehicle configuration (i.e. city commuter) LOW 589s HIGH 455s MIDDLE 433s Ex-HIGH 323s Unique technologies (i.e. regeneration, EV, PHEV, etc) Air pollutant modeling Emission limits Customer information (i.e. CO2, FC, Range)

5. 5 Testing efficiency Testing repeatability Testing accuracy (low concentration) Represent vehicle condition Regional weighting factor Unique vehicle configuration (i.e. city commuter) LOW 589s HIGH 455s MIDDLE 433s Ex-HIGH 323s Unique technologies (i.e. regeneration, EV, PHEV, etc) ColdHot intermediate or completely hot condition Necessity of middle phase under cold condition will be evaluated during validation1 Require each phase measurement Air pollutant modeling Emission limits Customer information (i.e. CO2, FC, Range) 3. Requirement on test cycle mode -2

6. 6 Customer information (i.e. CO2, FC, Range) Testing efficiency Testing repeatability Testing accuracy (low concentration) Represent vehicle condition Regional weighting factor Unique vehicle configuration (i.e. city commuter) LOW 589s HIGH 455s MIDDLE 433s Ex-HIGH 323s Unique technologies (i.e. regeneration, EV, PHEV, etc) Air pollutant modeling Emission limits Better to measure all phases as one set urban rural motorway Urban/rural Require each phase measurement contradiction 3. Requirement on test cycle mode -3

7. 7 Customer information Testing efficiency Testing repeatability Testing accuracy (low concentration) Represent vehicle condition Regional weighting factor Unique vehicle configuration (i.e. city commuter) LOW 589s HIGH 455s MIDDLE 433s Ex-HIGH 323s Unique technologies (i.e. regeneration, EV, PHEV, etc) Air pollutant modeling Emission limits Better to measure all phases as one set Require pre-conditioning under same driving cycle Require both cold/hot conditions Avoid long-term testing contradiction Require continuous cycle driving contradiction 3. Requirement on test cycle mode -4

8. 8 Testing efficiency Testing repeatability Testing accuracy (low concentration) Represent vehicle condition Regional weighting factor Unique vehicle configuration (i.e. city commuter) LOW 589s HIGH 455s MIDDLE 433s Ex-HIGH 323s Unique technologies (i.e. regeneration, EV, PHEV, etc) Air pollutant modeling Emission limits Customer information (i.e. CO2, FC, Range) LOW phase is first driving cycle taking into account of unique vehicle configuration 3. Requirement on test cycle mode -5

9. 9 4. Summary options Emission Limits Air pollutant modeling Separate measurement of each phase Acceptance of harmonized weighting for pollutants Customer information Separate measurement depend on customer requirement 1.L, M, H (& Ex-H) 2.L&M, H (& Ex-H) Regional weighting factor Separate measurement of each phase Testing efficiency Separate L/M phases and H/Ex-H phases Testing repeatability Conduct preconditioning of same driving cycle Testing accuracy Acceptance of separate measurement in each phase (validation 2 or confirmation) Represent vehicle condition Cold & Hot conditions Necessity of M phase under cold Hot condition : intermediate or completely hot Unique technologies EV/PHEV : Separate continuous driving of L/M and H/Ex-H Regeneration : L/M/H/Ex-H EV/PHEV : depend on customer requirement Unique vehicle configuration First phase : LOW

10. 10 5. Mode Construction Proposal during Validation2 [ Objective ] One of the Validation 2 objectives is to obtain technical justification for final mode construction. Mode construction during validation2 should be set to take into account open issues described in previous slides.

11. 11 [ Baseline test - Cold start -] LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s Overnight soak ( including canister loading preconditioning HIGH 455s Ex-HIGH 323s preconditioning Charge Starter Batteries LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s HIGH 455s Ex-HIGH 323s Sample#1 RCB#1 Sample#2 RCB#2 Sample#3 RCB#3 Sample#4 RCB#4 HIGH 455s Ex-HIGH 323s Sample#1 RCB#1 Sample#2 RCB#2 Note1) in case 4 bags sampling is not available, HIGH and Ex-HIGH phases can be executed separately. LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s No sampling No RCB After completion of L&M analysis Note2) Cycle phase to be driven Vehicle maximum speed Less than 60km/hLess than 80km/hLess than 110km/hothers Cycle phase(s) LOW LOW and MIDDLE LOW, MIDDLE and HIGH ALL 5. Mode Construction Proposal during Validation2

12. 12 [ Baseline test - Hot start -] LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s No intermediate soak is required preconditioning Charge Starter Batteries LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s Sample#1 RCB#1 Sample#2 RCB#2 Note1) some of laboratories will be required to run the intermediate soak study ( i.e. 0, 5, 10 and more ) Note2) Cycle phase to be driven Note3) In case hot start test is conducted after cold start test, starter battery charge and preconditioning steps can be omitted. Vehicle maximum speed Less than 60km/hothers Cycle phase(s) LOWLOW and MIDDLE 5. Mode Construction Proposal during Validation2

13. 13 [ Range / CD tests ] LOW 589s HIGH 455s MIDDLE 433s Ex-HIGH 323s Charge Batteries Discharge Batteries Driving preconditioning LOW 589s HIGH 455s MIDDLE 433s Ex-HIGH 323s Discharge Batteries Driving Discharge Batteries Driving Discharge Batteries Driving Charge Batteries Sample#n * RCB#n Cumulative Whr Note1) Cycle phase to be driven Vehicle maximum speed Less than 60km/hLess than 80km/hLess than 110km/hothers Cycle phase(s) LOW LOW and MIDDLE LOW, MIDDLE and HIGH ALL *) for OVC type HEV only 5. Mode Construction Proposal during Validation2

14. 14 [ Ki determination ] [ RCB compensation factor ] LOW 589s HIGH 455s MIDDLE 433s Ex-HIGH 323s Loading cycle Baseline test - Cold start - Baseline test - Cold start - Continue to run until regeneration was completed Cold factor for LOW and MIDDLE phases Hot factor for ALL phases LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s Overnight soak LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s Set SOC at several level Sample RCB preconditioning LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s LOW 589s MIDDLE 433s Set SOC at several level Sample RCB preconditioning HIGH 455s Ex-HIGH 323s HIGH 455s Ex-HIGH 323s Sample RCB 5. Mode Construction Proposal during Validation2 Note1) Cycle phase to be driven Vehicle maximum speed Less than 60km/hLess than 80km/hLess than 110km/hothers Cycle phase(s) LOW LOW and MIDDLE LOW, MIDDLE and HIGH ALL

15. 15 6. Issues to be Considered 1.Equipment restriction  # of sampling bags : possibility to merge phases ( i.e. L&M or M&H or L&M&H ) 2.Testing efficiency/accuracy  necessity of “hot start test”  acceptability of harmonized weighting factor for pollutants, make 1 bag sampling possible for low concentration constituents  necessity of “cold” and “hot” RCB compensation factor  possibility to merge phases for Range/CD test, link to “1. Equipment restriction”