1. Intellectual Change Humanism Education Political Thought Secular Spirit Christian Humanism The Printed Word

2. Italian Renaissance Humanism Classical Revival Petrarch (1304 – 1374) Humanism in Fifteenth-Century Italy Leonardo Bruni (1370 – 1444) New Cicero Lorenzo Valla (1407 – 1457) Humanism and Philosophy Marsilio Ficino (1433 – 1499) Translates Plato’s dialogues Synthesis of Christianity and Platonism Renaissance Hermeticism Ficino, Corpus Hermeticum Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463 – 1494), Oration on the Dignity of Man

3. Education, History, and the Impact of Printing Education in the Renaissance Liberal Studies: history, moral philosophy, eloquence (rhetoric), letters (grammar and logic), poetry, mathematics, astronomy and music Education of women Aim of education was to create a complete citizen Humanism and History Secularization Guicciardini (1483 – 1540), History of Italy, History of Florence The Impact of Printing Johannes Gutenberg Movable type (1445 – 1450) Gutenberg’s Bible (1455 or 1456) The spread of printing

4. The Artist and Social Status Early Renaissance Artists as craftsmen High Renaissance Artists as heroes

5. Central, Eastern, and Ottoman Empires Central Europe: The Holy Roman Empire Habsburg Dynasty Maximilian I (1493 – 1519) The Struggle for Strong Monarchy in Eastern Europe Poland Hungary Russia The Ottoman Turks and the End of the Byzantine Empire Seljuk Turks spread into Byzantine territory + Initial invasions (1000 AD – 1300s) Constantinople falls to the Turks (1453)