1. Digital Audio System
PCM streams have two basic properties that determine their fidelity to the original analog signal: the sampling rate, which is the number of times per second that samples are taken; and the bit depth, which determines the number of possible digital values that each sample can take.
Sampling and quantization of a signal (red) for 4-bit PCM

2. Digital Audio System
For example, a CD audio has a sampling rate of 44.1KHz (44,100 samples per second) and 16-bit resolution for each channel.
PCM is the standard form for digital audio in
computers and various Blu-ray, Compact Disc
and DVD formats, as well as other uses such
as digital telephone systems.
PCM was invented by Alec Reeves in 1937

3. Digital Audio System Conversion Process
The digital signal may then be altered
in a process which is called DSP where
it may be filtered or have effects applied
The last step is for digital audio to be converted back to an analog signal with a DAC
Like ADCs, DACs run at a specific sampling rate and bit resolution but through the processes of oversampling, upsampling, and downsampling, this sampling rate may not be the same as the initial sampling rate.

4. Digital Audio System Conversion Process
The digital audio signal may be stored or transmitted
Digital audio storage can be on a CD, a digital audio player, a hard drive, USB flash, CompactFlash, or any other digital data storage device

5. Digital Audio System Conversion Process
Audio data compression techniques such as MP3, AAC(Advanced Audio Coding), Ogg Vorbis or FLAC(Free Lossless Audio Codec) are commonly employed to reduce the file size. Digital audio can be streamed to other devices.

6. Digital Audio System
Analog Audio System

7. Thank you
for listening!