1. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Market surveillance of simple pressure vessels - practical approach Teuvo Blomberg Senior Safety Engineer TUKES TAIEX Workshop, Cyprus 3 - 5 October 2005

2. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Contents 1) Introduction, methods of market surveillance 2) Market surveillance procedure; focusing, target selection criteria, tests, assessment of vessels 3) Cases

3. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY The aim of market surveillance is: To ensure that products are safe; individuals, the environment, property To ensure conditions exist for fair competition To ensure that initial controls have been made To promote risk management during lifecycle of products and to verify that: Certification procedures have been correctly applied CE-marking and declaration of conformity are correct The provision of applicable directives have been complied with

4. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Example: a pressure vessel accident PS 11 bar V 150 L Manufactured 1994 Reason: Neglected maintenance  Corrosion At the moment of explosion: Speed of loosening components ~ 200 km/h

5. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Methods of Market Surveillance for pressure equipment and SPVs Field surveillance proactive reactive Documentation surveillance proactive reactive Surveillance projects products/ assemblies enterprises Reaction methods Development activities Information Co-operation between national and international enforcement authorities

6. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Flowchart procedure of MS PURCHASE EQUIPMENT TESTS RESULTS ASSESSMENT DECISIONS ACTIONS SALES BAN DELIVERY BAN RECALL CAUTION THE HEARING NOTIFICATION SELECTION CRITERIA FOCUSING MS PROACTIVE MS REACTIVE MS

7. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY How to focus market surveillance? Surveillance is focused according to the following sources of information: Information from the market (complaint, competitors, inspection bodies, users, consumers…) Information from other national authorities Accident registers Research reports Market surveillance database Notifications from other countries

8. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Selection criteria of product Visual inspection –external inspection; markings and labelling, fittings, safety accessories, connections, welds –Internal inspection: welds Documentation –instructions for use –declaration of conformity Further information –technical documentation –tests –inspections Non-conformities: No manufacturer or importer information No instructions for use No CE-marking Lack of technical information Poor workmanship (welds, shape etc.) ---------------- Product cheapness! New manufacturer?

9. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Inscriptions on the vessel or data plate CE + NB + year Max PS (bar) Max T max (°C) Min T min (°C) Volume (L) The name or mark of the manufacturer The type and serial or batch identification of the vessel.

10. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Tests that can be carried out on the vessel The visual examination The radiographic examination –longitudinal weld (100 %) –circumferential weld (cross welds) Tensile test –The basic material of the shell –The basic material head –over the longitudinal weld The chemical analysis –The basic material of the shell –The basic material of the head Macroscopic examination –longitudinal weld –circumferential weld Opening pressure of safety valve Tests and inspections Usually done by a testing laboratory (accredited) Not usually the whole test program Only necessary tests and inspections are carried out Other directives used and possible tests LVD EMC Machinery

11. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Assessment of vessels (TUKES) Based on technical documentation + test results + inspection reports  classification of deficiencies (developed in TUKES) Class 1: Very serious, the vessel can be dangerous Class 2: Serious non-compliance with the directive Class 3: Minor non-compliance with the directive Class 4: Vessel is in accordance with the directive

12. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY P*V > 50 bar*L No labelling or markings according to the SPVD p*V = 192 bar*L  sales ban p*V = 56 bar*L  delivery ban Case 1: SPVs, volume 7 L and 24 L; 8 bar

13. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Case 2: SPV, volume 150 L, 11 bar

14. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Tests The following tests were ordered: The visual examination (SFS-EN 288-3) The radiographic examination (SFS-EN 288-3) - location was based on visual examination Tensile test (SFS-EN 10002-1 and SFS-EN 895) The chemical analysis (optical emission spectrum) Macroscopic examination (transparent cut) - location was based on radiographic examination Opening pressure of safety valve

15. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Macrograph: longitudinal weld

16. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Macrograph: circumferential weld

17. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Case 3. Typical weld defect in SPV Stress level in circumferential weld is one half compared to longitudinal weld The defect is difficult to see by visual inspection Macrograph: circumferential weld Dished endShell

18. SPVD 87/404/EEC TUKES SAFETY TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY Further information, please contact: Teuvo Blomberg E-mail: teuvo.blomberg@tukes.fiteuvo.blomberg@tukes.fi Pertti Haakana E-mail: pertti.haakana@tukes.fipertti.haakana@tukes.fi TUKES (Safety Technology Authority) Tel: +358 9 61671 Fax: + 358 9 616 7566