1. We will walk with our own feet we will work with our own hands we will speak our own minds -Ralph Waldo Emerson 1800 - 1860 Transcendentalism

2. “Great men are they who see that the spiritual is stronger than any material force; that thoughts rule the world.” Ralph Waldo Emerson

3. Journal

4. What was transcendentalism? In short, it was a philosophical/ literary movement of the early nineteenth century, advocated/initiated by literary greats such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and the Fireside Poets, to name a few.

5. Transcendentalism Transcendentalists were well educated people who lived in the decades before the American Civil War. These people, mostly residing near Boston, were attempting to create a ‘uniquely American’ body of literature. Americans had won independence from England several decades before this time. It was time for literary independence– to create work clearly different from anything European.

6. Facts… Believed that everything in the world was a reflection of the “divine” soul The physical world/ environment was a doorway to the spiritual world Used intuition as a guide or a roadmap for life A person is his/her own best authority

7. More… Believed in human perfection and strived to achieve it by: –Improving own lives and assisting in others’ lives (reform movements) –Established Utopian communities (Brook Farm, 1841) –Instigated social change—abolitionism

8. Review Explain the difference between Dark Romanticism (Gothic Fiction) and Transcendentalism Compare to other movements—like Puritanism