1. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 1 Broadband V2I Access for High Speed Transportation Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.11. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.11. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures, including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.11 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at.http:// ieee802.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdfstuart.kerry@philips.compatcom@ieee.org Date: 2009-1-20 Authors:

2. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 2 Abstract We talk about WLAN broadband access for high speed transportation. –Motivation –Market –Requirement Handover Latency Case Study –Comparison with Existing IEEE802.11 Standards –Comparison with Other Standards –Straw Poll

3. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 3 Motivation Many high speed trains (>200km/h) are already in operation in Europe and Asia. Developments of 10,000km of express railway tracks are estimated in next 20 years in the world. Train operators want broadband network between rail-side and train for such as train survey, passenger service and so on. And they want to operate the network by their own. Wi-Fi will meet their needs. (Equipments cost, Operation cost, Bandwidth…)

4. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 4 Markets Train (Railway Transportation) Total extension of railway is approximately 1,350,000km in the world. –North America:278,000km –EU:236,000km –Russia:128,000km –East Asia:110,000km –Central/South America:110,000km Existing high speed train (> 200km/h operation) –22 systems in operation in 15 countries. Expected new high speed train –10,000km in next 20 years. Of cause, not only high speed train but also ordinary train can use this technology. NameCountryMax. Speed Shanghai Transrapid China430km/h Beijing-Tianjin HSCL China350km/h TGVFrance320km/h ICEGermany320km/h ShinkansenJapan300km/h AVESpain300km/h EurostarEU300km ThalysEU300km/h Treni Eurostar Italia Italy300km/h Taiwan HSRTaiwan300km/h KTXKorea300km/h Existing High Speed Train (> 300km/h)

5. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 5 Expected Applications Hot-spot service for passengers. On board digital signage. Cabin monitoring. Backbone for femtocell. –Subway –Tunnel Internet

6. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 6 Requirements Target Speed –TGV plans 360km/h operation. –TransRapid in Shanghai is operated in 430km/h. –JR-Maglev records 581km/h and JR plans to start service in 2025. –500km/h is enough? Scalability –Railway networks are so huge and many trains run on a network simultaneously. –So a train runs across many communication network. Security –Security is very important because private information will flow on networks. –For example, a train survey application will transfer a video which includes a passenger’s face and his lunch.

7. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 7 Inter-Network Use Network A AP Network B AP Network C AP Network D Inter-Network Handover

8. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 8 Inter-network Handover Latency 1.Discover a new AP. Latency can be reduced by 11k or multiple radio interfaces. 2.Association with new AP. (includes authentication/key exchange…) 11i authentication is NOT fast. It needs many packet exchanges. 3.Network layer setup.

9. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 9 MAC Requirements Fast Association –Train must handover during passing overlap zone for seamless handover. –Handover latency impacts distance between APs. (= cost) Old APNew AP Overlap Zone

10. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 10 Case Study Assumption –Maximum speed: 500km/h = 140m/s –Cell Radius: 200m –Route Length: 1,000km Old APNew AP Case1:Handover Latency = 100ms Minimum Overlap Zone length= 14m Distance between adjacent APs = 386m Number of APs = 2,591 14m 200m 386m

11. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 11 Case Study (cont.) Old APNew AP Case2:Handover Latency = 500ms Minimum Overlap Zone distance= 70m Distance between adjacent APs = 330m Number of APs = 3031 (117% of Case 1) 140m 200m 260m Case3:Handover Latency = 1s Minimum Overlap Zone distance= 140m Distance between adjacent APs = 260m Number of APs = 3847 (148% of Case 1)

12. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 12 Case Study (cont.) Old AP Case4:Handover Latency >1.43s Minimum Overlap Zone distance > 200m 200m New AP STA must begin new handover process before completing old handover process.

13. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 13 Comparison with Existing IEEE802.11 Standards Standards Inter-Network Use Security Fast Roaming (Handover) IEEE802.11/a/b/g/n +IEEE802.11i +IEEE802.11r We need Approaches a.Fast authentication/key exchange. b.Inter-network fast roaming.

14. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 14 PHY Compatibility Existing PHY can be used in high speed environment. (08/1020r1) So existing WLAN chipset can be used with some firmware and/or driver modification. LOW COST

15. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 15 Comparison with Other Standards StandardsBandwidthEquipment CostOperation Cost 3G, 3.5G 14.4Mbps (Downlink) 11.5Mbps (Uplink) Very HighHigh LTE 100Mbps (Downlink) 50Mbps (Uplink) Very HighHigh WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) 21MbpsHighLow IEEE802.11 100Mbps (11n MAC) Low

16. doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0111r0 Submission January 2009 Hitoshi MORIOKA, ROOT Inc.Slide 16 Questions & Comments