1. Functional Brain Signal Processing: EEG & fMRI Lesson 9 Kaushik Majumdar Indian Statistical Institute Bangalore Center kmajumdar@isibang.ac.in M.Tech. (CS), Semester III, Course B50

2. Action Potential, LFP, ECoG, EEG Buzsaki et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 13: 407 – 420, 2012 Bentivogilo et al., Epileptic Disorders, 5: S27 – S34, 2003

3. Action Potential, LFP, ECoG, EEG (cont.) or ECoG Buzsaki et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 13: 407 – 420, 2012

4. LFP Acquisition Buzsaki, Nat. Neurosci., 7(5): 446 – 451, 2004

5. Hemodynamic Response http://www.ece.unm.edu/~vcalhoun/courses/fMRI_Spring07/Lecture02_IntroTofMRI.pdf

6. MRI Machine http://www.ece.unm.edu/~vcalhoun/courses/fMRI_Spring07/Lecture02_IntroTofMRI.pdf

7. BOLD vs. LFP Logothetis & Wandell, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 66: 735 – 769, 2004

8. Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Signal http://www.ece.unm.edu/~vcalhoun/courses/fMRI_Spring07/Lecture02_IntroTofMRI.pdf HbO 2 is dimagnetic. Deoxy-Hb is paramagnetic.

9. Anatomical MRI

10. Elements of MRI Physics Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 4e, 2000

11. Larmor Equation Pooley, 2005 Gyromagnetic ratio is nucleus dependent. For hydrogen it is 42.6 MHz/T.

12. Radio Frequency (RF) Pulse Pooley, 2005 T 1 relaxation time

13. Tissue Contrast Maximization by T 1 Relaxation Pooley, 2005

14. Relaxation Process and T 2 Relaxation Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 4e, 2000

15. T 1 and T 2 Weighting Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 4e, 2000

16. T 1, T 2 Time Constants in ms at 1 Tesla for Different Tissues Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 4e, 2000

17. One Dimensional Frequency Encoding Noll, 2001 B(x) = B 0 + G.x ƒ(x) = γ(B 0 + G.x)

18. Slice Location Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 4e, 2000

19. Slice Location (cont.) Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 4e, 2000

20. T 1 and T 2 Relaxation Time Buxton, 2009

21. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging or T 2 * Relaxation Imaging Kandel et al., Principles of Neural Science, 4e, 2000

22. T 2 and T 2 * Dephasing Pooley, 2005

23. References G. Buzsaki, C. A. Anastassiou and C. Koch, The origin of extracellular fields and currents – EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 13: 407 – 420, 2012. E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz and T. M. Jessel, Principles of Neural Science, 4e, McGraw Hill, New York, 2000, p. 370 – 374. R. A. Pooley, Fundamental physics of MR imaging, RadioGraphics, 25(4): 1087 – 1099, 2005.

24. References (cont.) D. C. Noll, A primer on MRI and functional MRI, available online at http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~mturk/imaging/Misc/ MRI%20primer.pdf http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~mturk/imaging/Misc/ MRI%20primer.pdf R. B. Buxton, Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2e, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2009.

25. THANK YOU This lecture is available at http://www.isibang.ac.in/~kaushikhttp://www.isibang.ac.in/~kaushik