1. Production of Propylene Oxide Supervised by: Done by: Prof. Mohammed Fahim Adel Abdullah Sultan Mohammed Khaled Saud Khaled Waleed

2. What is Propylene Oxide PO is highly toxic flammable chemical compound Molecular formula is C 3 H 6 O It is a useful chemical intermediate for production of many significant compound.

3. Introduction Main PO manufacturing process are; 1. Chlorohydrin process 2. Hydroperoxide process where either (TBA) or styrene is a co-product

4. Introduction What are the companies that use Hydroperoxide process with TBA co- Products Arco Chemical Texaco Chemical Plant

5. Manufactures The methods of PO are: 1. Chlorohydrin Process. 2. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. 3. Ethylbenzene Hydroperoxide Process. 4. Peracid Process. 5. Electrochemical Process.

6. Chlorohydrin Process 1. Chlorohydrination 2. Epoxidation CH 3 CH=CH 2 = Cl 2 CH 3 CH – CH 2 Cl+Cl - H 2 O OH Cl CH 3 CH – CH 2 CH 3 CHCH 2 Cl + CH 3 CHCH 2 OH + Hcl Cl + CL - OH O CH 3 CHCH 2 Cl + HCl + Ca(OH) 2 CH 3 CH-CH 2 + CaCl 2 + 2H 2 O

7. Chlorohydrin Process

8. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide process: This method which are we will discuss in this course This method done at 95-150 and at 2075-5535 Kpa First step of this process is oxidation of isobutane to tert-butyl hydroperoxide Second Step: Mix tert-butyl hydroperoxide with catalyst solution to react with propylene

10. Ethylbenzene Hydroperoxide Process

11. Ethylbenzene Hydroperoxide Process

12. Other Methods Peracid Process: Hydrogen peroxide react with carboxylic acid H 2 O 2 + CH 3 CH 2 COOH CH 3 CH 2 COOOH+H 2 O Then react with propylene in the presence of a chlorinated organic solvent. O CH 3 CH 2 COOOH + CH 2 = CHCH 3 CH 2 – CHCH 3 + CH 3 CH 2 COOH

13. Other Methods Electrochemical process: - Electrolyte are made of soduim or potassium bromide - Anade Bromine cathode soduim or potassium - Bromine generate on the anode of Hydroxide generale on the cathode O - CH 2 = CHCH 3 + H 2 O CH 3 CH CH 2 + H 2

14. Uses of propylene oxide: -P-PO is a useful chemical intermediate product. -I-It is used in disinfection for the food and crude oil and for sterilization of medical equipment.

15. Derivatives of propylene Oxide - Polyether polyols : foams – adhesives – coatings. - Propylene Glycol : directly in food. - Dipropylene Glycol : indirectly in food. - Poly(Propylene Glycol) :cosmetics- Synthetic lubricants. - Glycol ethers : Coating – inks.