1. The way to Jewish nationalism
From segregation, to integration, to separatism

2. Main trends in the 19th century
Haskala spread in western and central Europe.
Emancipation is achieved all over Europe (except Russia) by the second half of the century
Jews integrate successfully into the economy, culture and social life – in central and western Europe
Anti-Semitic publications and organizations in the West; Riots and anti-Jewish policy in Russia

3. The crisis by the turn of the century

4. A step behind segregation Herzl and The Zionist movement
the developments in western European societies and among Jews in Europe
The Time
European state of mind
State of minds among Jews
17 – 18 centuries
Enlightenments
segregation
Begging of Haskalah (Mendelssohn)
19 century
Nationalism and Romantic
Assimilation
Reform Judaism
Jewish studies
Orthodoxy backslash
1848
National and Liberal revulsions
Integrating among European national movements
1870’s & 1880’s
Modern Anti-Semitism in central and western Europe; Riots (pogroms) in eastern Europe
Jewish nationalism with Messianic belief
1880’s
The movement of Lover of Zion (Hibat Zion)
1890’s
The Dreyfus affair in France
Herzl and The Zionist movement

5. The Ultra-Orthodox attitude
The Jewish malaise is the punishment of god. It will end by a miracle redemption and the coming of the messiah. He will come if people will continue to pray and to observe Jewish laws and tradition

6. An example of Assimilation

7. The dimension of immigration from the Pale of settlement

8. The dimension of immigration To the United state

9. Immigration changes Jewish dispersal

10. Revolutionism The Jewish problem is a symptom of the problems of humanity

11. Jewish Nationalism/Separatism

12. The Bund – Jewish Socialism
Founded in 1897
Jewish identity and cloture is the way to gain the support of the masses
In the Socialist Russia, Jews will be recognize as a nation
The Jews are a east European nation

13. The Historian Simon Dubnow
Jewish Autonomism
The survival of the Jews as a nation depends on their spiritual and cultural strength
Developing "spiritual nationhood" in the Jewish Diaspora
Jewish communities should maintain self-rule, and rejected assimilation
The Historian Simon Dubnow

14. Teritorialism
Creation of a Jewish territory (or territories), not necessarily in the Land of Israel

15. Spiritual / Cultural Zionism
The Jews should create a center that will project on Jewish identity
“It’s not the Jews problem but the Judaism problem”
Echad Ha'am, (one of the people)
Asher Ginsberg (