1. Partikeldagarna, Göteborg 21 September 2007 LHC: Status and Plans Lyn Evans

2. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 2 Schematic layout of the LHC

3. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 3 Main parameters of LHC (p-p) Circumference26.7km Beam energy at collision7TeV Beam energy at injection0.45TeV Dipole field at 7 TeV8.33T Luminosity10 34 cm -2.s -1 Beam current0.56A Protons per bunch1.1x10 11 Number of bunches2808 Nominal bunch spacing24.95ns Normalized emittance3.75  m Total crossing angle300  rad Energy loss per turn6.7keV Critical synchrotron energy44.1eV Radiated power per beam3.8kW Stored energy per beam350 MJ Stored energy in magnets11GJ Operating temperature1.9K

4. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 4 Descent of the last magnet, 26 April 2007 30’000 km underground at 2 km/h!

5. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 5 Cross-section of LHC cryodipole

6. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 6 Dipole magnetic flux plot

7. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 7 Critical current density of technical superconductors

8. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 8 Bending strength of dipoles

9. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 9 Field errors in dipole production: b3

10. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 10 Field orientation in dipoles

11. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 11 Systematic field errors in dipoles

12. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 12 Random field errors in dipoles

13. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 13 Dipole-dipole interconnect

14. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 14 Dipole-dipole interconnect: electrical splices

15. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 15 DFBAO in Sector 7-8

16. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 16 Magnet interconnections

17. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 17 Specific heat of LHe and Cu

18. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 18 Equivalent thermal conductivity of He II OFHC copper Helium II

19. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 19 Phase diagram of Helium l line Saturated He II Pressurized He II

20. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 20 Linear heat exchanger

21. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 21 Sector 7-8 cooldown

22. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 22 Courtesy F.Bordry

23. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 23 Tracking between the three main circuits of sector 78 Courtesy F.Bordry 2ppm

24. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 24 Arc plug-in module at warm temperature

25. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 25 Arc plug-in module at working temperature

26. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 26 Module with installation compression tooling

27. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 27 RF bellows in the 1700 interconnections

28. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 28 Transmitter prototype

29. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 29 Transmitter prototype

30. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 30 The electron cloud effect

31. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 31 Simulated heat load as a function of SEY

32. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 32 Energy stored in the accelerator beam, as a function of beam momentum. At less than 1% of nominal intensity LHC enters new territory. Stored energy density as a function of beam momentum. Transverse energy density is a measure of damage potential and is proportional to luminosity. Beam momentum & stored energy of colliders

33. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 33 Transverse emittances from 3 different bunch intensities (72 bunches)

34. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 34 Conclusions  The LHC design has integrated more than 30 years of accumulated knowledge of the behaviour of beams in hadron storage rings. The various correction systems will be adequate to stabilise the beams up to and beyond design luminosity.  The one new effect is the electron cloud which may be the limiting factor in pushing the luminosity well above the design value. This will depend on the efficiency of scrubbing that can be achieved.  The rate of increase in luminosity will be governed by our ability to protect the machine and detectors and of the detectors to cope with it.

35. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 35 CERN accelerator complex

36. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 36 Upgrade components

37. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 37 Layout of the new injectors SPS PS2 SPL Linac4 PS

38. L. Evans – EDMS document 867980 38 Upgrade of LHC insertions  Intermediate (2012-2013) upgrade of the two high- luminosity insertions using existing NbTi cable from dipole production. Seed money expected from Brussels but construction funds to be found.  Possible further upgrade to IE35 (2016-2018) using advanced superconductor. Many ideas but luminosity lifetime will be a problem.