1. What is SAM-Grid? Job Handling Data Handling Monitoring and Information

2. Problems To Solve How can a large, geographically distributed, dynamic, physics collaboration work together? How can this collaboration make use of available distributed computing resources? How can it handle the huge amount of data (PBs) generated by the experiment?

3. Answers – The GRID & SAM-Grid GRID  A network of middleware services that tie together distributed resources (Fabric – processors, storage). SAM-Grid  Integrate the standard middleware to achieve a complete Job, Data, and Information management infrastructure thereby enabling fully distributed computing.

4. SAM-Grid Architecture

5. Job Management Grid-level (global) job scheduling (selection of a cluster to run) distinguished from local scheduling (distribution of the job within the cluster) We distinguish structured jobs from unstructured.  Structured jobs have their details known to Grid middleware  Unstructured jobs are mapped as a whole onto a cluster Scheduler is interfaced with the data handling system.  For data-intensive jobs, sites are ranked by the amount of data cached at the site

6. Job Handling JOB Computing Element User Interface Submission Service User Interface Resource Selection Match Making Service Information Collector Exec Site #1 Match Making Service Computing Element Grid Sensors Execution Site #n Submission Service Grid Sensors Computing Element Generic Service Generic Service Informatio n Collector Grid Sensor s Computin g Element Generic Service Generic Service external algorithm external algorithm Grid/Fabri c Interface

7. Data Handling - SAM MSS1 Local Station 1 Cache1 Local Station 1 Cache2 Local Station 2 Cache1 Remote Station Cache1 SAM is a distributed data movement and management service SAM stations are resources pooled together to enable data management Data replication is achieved by the use of disk caches during file routing. SAM is a fully functional meta- data catalog. A station can access a remote resource via the services offered by other connected stations MSS2 Remote Station Cache2 MSS – Mass Storage System Control Flow Data Flow

8. Data Handling Database Server(s) (Central Database) Station 1 Servers Station 2 Servers Station 3 Servers Station n Servers Mass Storage System(s) Shared Globally Local To Site Shared Locally Name Server Global Resource Manager(s) Log server services Arrows indicate Control and data flow

9. Monitoring and Information This includes:  configuration framework  resource description for job brokering  infrastructure for monitoring Main features  Sites (resources), services and jobs monitoring  Distributed knowledge about jobs etc.  Incremental knowledge building  Grid Monitoring Architecture for current state inquiries, Logging for recent history studies  All Web based

10. Monitoring and Information Web Browser Web Server Site 1 Information System IP Web Browser Web Server 1 Site 2 Information System IP Web Server N Site N Information System

11. Challenges with Grid/Fabric Interface The Globus toolkit Grid/Fabric interfaces are not sufficiently…  …flexible: they expect a “standard” batch system configuration.  …scalable: a process per grid job is started up at the gateway machine. We want/need aggregation.  …comprehensive: they interface to the batch system only. How about data handling, local monitoring, databases, etc.  …robust: if the batch system forgets about the jobs, they cannot react.

12. Flexibility Addressing the peculiarity of the configuration of each batch system requires modification to the Globus toolkit job-manager We address the problem by writing job- managers that use a level of abstraction on top of the batch systems. Each batch system adapter can be locally configured to conform to the local batch system interface

13. Scalability The Globus gatekeeper starts up a process at the gateway node for every job entering the site This limits the number of grid jobs at a site to around 300, for the typical commodity computer We split single grid jobs into multiple batch processes in the SAM-Grid job-managers. Not only does this increase scalability, but it also increases the manageability of the job

14. Comprehensiveness The standard job-managers interface only to the local batch system We notify other fabric services when a job enters a site  Data handling: for data pre-staging  Monitoring: to monitor a non-running job  Database: to aggregate queries

15. Robustness The standard job-managers cannot react to temporary failures of the local batch systems In our experience, PBS, Condor and BQS have failed to report the status of a job We write wrappers around the batch systems. These wrappers implement extra robustness. We call them “idealizers”