2. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD1 DATABASE SECURITY DATABASE SECURITY

3. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD2 OBJECTIVES What is Database security Creating user Modifying user Dropping user Creating profile Previliges and roles Granting of roles to user

4. 3 Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD Database Security (a) Manage Users (b) Manage Resource (c) ROLEs & PRIVILEGEs

5. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD4 CREATE USER CREATE USER test IDENTIFIED BY test DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP PROFILE DEFAULT QUOTA 1M ON USERS QUOTA 2M ON TEMP;

6. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD5 Considerations Specify DEFAULT & TEMP Otherwise SYSTEM tablespace will be used, which is not recommended Quota must be provided to allow user to store objects in specified tablespace Profile to restrict usage of system resources

7. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD6 MODIFY USER GRANT CONNECT TO TEST; ALTER USER TEST DEFAULT ROLE ALL; GRANT DBA TO TEST; With DBA ROLE user gets an UNLIMITED QUOTA on every tablespace

8. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD7 Security Issues A USER is A SCHEMA A USER has FULL access on the OBJECTS in her SCHEMA Password is stored in Data Dictionary A USER can always CHANGE his Password

9. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD8 Dropping A User User’s Schema is removed from Data Dictionary Cannot Drop a Active User Use Cascade to Drop all Schema Objects

10. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD9 Resource Limit & Profiles To optimize the usage of System Resources Profile is a set of Resource Limits assigned to each user Resource Control Level (a) Session Level (b) Call Level Resources : CPU time, Logical Reads, Others (Idle Time, No of concurrent sessions per user, Elapsed time per session )

11. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD10 CREATE Profile CREATE PROFILE MYPROFILE LIMIT CPU_PER_SESSION 10 CPU_PER_CALL 25CONNECT_TIME 5 IDLE_TIME 1 SESSIONS_PER_USER 2;

12. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD11 Oracle Profiles Profiles enable you to set limits on: sessions_per_user CPU_per_session CPU_per_call logical_reads_per_session logical_reads_per_call idle_time connect_time

13. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD12 Oracle Profiles Most popular: sessions_per_user idle_time Sessions_Per_user –prevent one runaway user from consuming all Oracle processes –Example syntax: alter profile default sessions_per_user 4; Idle_Time –useful when memory is in shortage

14. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD13 PRIVILEGES & ROLES Privilege is right to execute a particular type SQL or access another user’s objecte.g, the right to CREATE TABLE SYSTEM Privileges (ALTER SESSION) OBJECT Privileges (INSERT ON SCOTT.EMP) GRANT privileges to USER or a ROLE (named group of privileges)

15. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD14 CREATE ROLE CREATE ROLE test NOT IDENTIFIED; GRANT “CONNECT” TO “TEST”; GRANT ALTER ANY TABLE TO “TEST”; GRANT INSERT ON SCOTT.EMP TO TEST; Assigning (a) ROLE to a ROLE (b) OBJECT Privilege to a ROLE (c) SYSTEM Privilege to a ROLE

16. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD15 DEFAULT ROLES CONNECT DBA (All System Privileges with Admin) RESOURCE EXP_FULL_DATABASE IMP_FULL_DATABASE Query DBA_TAB_PRIVS, DBA_ROLE_PRIVS,SESSION_PRIVS

17. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD16 Listing User Info ALL_, DBA_, USER_ + USERS USER_TS_QUOTAS USER_RESOURCE_LIMITS DBA_PROFILES RESOURCE_COST V$SESSION V$SESSTAT V$STATNAME

18. Nitin Singh/AAO RTI ALLAHABAD17 ROLEs Granted to User SELECT * FROM SYS.DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE = ‘SCOTT’; (Roles Granted to SCOTT) SELECT * FROM SYS.DBA_TS_QUOTAS; (Each User’s TS quotas)