1. Introduction to Film

2. zLate 19th century - A number of technologies related to motion and vision were developed that were precursors to the birth of the motion picture industry.

3. z In 1893, the world's first film production studio, the Black Maria, was built z It was owned by Thomas Edison z Others throughout the world created new ways of projecting pictures and by the turn of the century Film houses were popping up everywhere!

4. George Melies zFrenchman Georges Melies was one such innovator zhe exploited the new medium with a pioneering, 14-minute science fiction work, Le Voyage Dans la Lune - A Trip to the Moon (1902).Le Voyage Dans la Lune - A Trip to the Moon (1902).

5. Edwin S. Porter - the "Father of the Story Film": z Directed the first American documentary or realistic narrative film, The Life of an American Fireman (1903). z The Great Train Robbery (1903) The Great Train Robbery (1903) z it was ground-breaking z the first real motion picture smash hit, establishing the notion that film could be a commercially-viable medium

6. Gone are the “flickers” zescapist entertainment medium for the working- class masses zthe first real movie theatres opened and were nicknamed the nickelodeon because the admission charge was a nickel! zdenounced as morally objectionable and as the cause of social unrest and criminal behavior - and they called for censorship.

7. D. W. Griffith: Early Film Pioneer z he experimented with early lighting and camera techniques z i.e.: split-screens, flashbacks, cross-cutting, frequent close-ups, fades, rises, inter-cutting, parallel editing, dissolves, changing camera angles, soft-focus, lens filters, and experimental/artificial lighting and shading/tinting.

8. The Birth of a Nation (1915) zThe first epic film ever made. zIt cost Griffith $100 000 of his own money z“a modern screen masterpiece that advanced the art of film-making to new heights” zmet with considerable controversy regarding its racist message, and a glorified portrayal of KKK members as heroes

9. Movies are my business and business is good! zprofits could be made from expanding the film audience to the middle-class, women, and children. zWilliam Fox zThe Warner brothers (Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack) zFamous Players/ Paramount zUniversal Film Manufacturing Co. zFilmmakers lured to L.A. because of incentives from city council zBy 1918 “Hollywood” was born

10. Wanna be in movies? z Movie mogul’s like Carl Laemmle created the “star system” The star system was the method of creating, promoting and exploiting movie stars in Classical Hollywood cinema. Studios would select promising young actors and glamorise and create personas for them, often inventing new names and even new backgrounds” z Florence Lawrence z Canada’s Mary Pickford z Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle z Tom Mix z Theda Bara z Charlie Chaplin z Mack Sennett

11. Pushing the envelope zF. W. Murnau's vampire film Nosferatu (1922)Nosferatu yangular distorted sets yexpressionistic shadowy images yencouraged experimentation. zRobert Flaherty’s landmark documentary of the Inuit Nanook of the North (1922).

12. Foreign Films - Metropolis z Germany, Fritz Lang's last major silent film was H. G. Wells' fantasy Metropolis (1927)Metropolis z innovative techniques z futuristic sets z Expressionistic design z allegorical study of the class system

13. Foreign Films - Battleship Ptemkin (1925)Battleship Ptemkin (1925) zSergei Eisenstein zThe Soviet Union z"unquestionably one of the greatest motion pictures ever made" zadvancing the art of cinematic storytelling with the technique of montage zThe Odessa Steps sequence

14. Some of the major stars of the 1920’s and 30’s z John Barrymore z Harold Lloyd z Gloria Swanson z Tom Mix z Rudolph Valentino z Douglas Fairbanks Sr. z Greta Garbo

15. First “talkie” z Jazz Singer z 1927 z The first line said on Film… z “You ain’t heard nuthin yet!”

16. The 1930s and 40s zNostalgically known as “The Golden Age of Cinema” zMostly Black and White…but change to COLOUR zdevelopment of film genres yhistorical biopics ysocial-realism films ylighthearted comedies ywesterns yhorror

18. zDepression = lower attendance at cinemas zPeople up set with rules and institutions zIn rode the gangster…own rules. zThese screen heroes made no attempt to cover their greedy motives, and viewers loved them for what they saw as honesty. zIn the figure of the gangster, the audience saw a man who was able to do what they could only dream about - make it to the gilded paradise using only his or her wits.

19. The Hay’s Office zacted as check on the graphic nature of gangster films z1934 outrage mounts…”promotes copycat crimes” zto soften criticism, studios would: 1. alter otherwise violent gangster movies with obvious "Crime Does Not Pay" messages 2. scenes featuring disgusted and angry citizens and policemen were added. 3. The gangster hero was always delivered into the hands of justice at the end of the film, dead or alive.

20. Why did the film industry cave in? zIt was time: the era of the bootlegger king was over. zBy 1932, the year of the controversial Scarface's release, Prohibition was almost dead. z New Pres. Franklin Roosevelt, promised economic healing. zWithout Prohibition, the liquor racket was a thing of the past. zeconomic recovery also tempted Americans away from the extreme individualism of the crime king.

21. z 1931 - Capone in jail z 1934 - Bonnie and Clyde shot dead z 1934 - John Dillinger deadin shootout z All major Gangsters out of the picture by 1936 (according to the FBI)

23. The Musical zSo long as the Hollywood studios could produce these fanciful productions with talented stars, depression audiences continued to pay money to escape from the reality of the world around them. zWhy go to a movie during such a troubled time? What made sitting in a theater for an hour and a half worth a hard-earned 15 cents? zFilms reflected American desires just as American desires reflected films

24. zFilms took on the responsibility of reinstating the mythical American values of individualism, classlessness, and progress zHollywood musicals often reflected America's growing need and desire for escapism zGold Diggers, 42nd Street and Footlight Parade directly addressed the Depression. zThese three musicals were the highest grossing of the 1930s

25. Golddiggers z Opens with"We're in the Money" z luxurous and glamorous depiction of broadway during the Depression destroyed by bankruptcy. z Celebrating those in financial need over the wealthy z obnoxious snobbery is ridiculed z brings humor to hardship and success to misfortune.

26. Overcome all obstacles! z It is primary to the American Dream! z Dorothy’s vulnerable innocence and persevering optimism not only pull the lion, tin man, and scarecrow through the obstacles of the yellow brick road but Dorothy also engages the audience to envision the hope of reaching a seemingly insurmountable goal.

27. But… “there’s no place like home”

28. The War Years…innocence lost zHollywood film production reached its peak during the years 1943 to 1946…Europe was in ruins. zFilm makers (and workers) became propagandists and even soldiers. z“star-studded, plot less, patriotic extravaganzas” zG.I. Pin ups girls took on the silver screen (Rita & Betty) zSome of Hollywood’s best directors helped the war effort.

29. Frank Capra z Why We Fight documentary series z Prelude to War z And plenty of “feel good and support the soldiers from the home front” films

30. Casablanca z Subtle war film…main characters puts his love of freedom and “the right thing” in front of himself.

31. Sometimes not as subtle…Morale Films z The Story of G.I. Joe z Yankee Doodle Dandy z The Purple Heart z Since you went away z This is the Army z Joe Smith, American z Sahara z Meet me in St. Louis z Tender Comrades

33. Film Noir z literally 'black film or cinema' z 'dark' look and themes of many American crime and detective films released following the war. z film noir is not so much a genre, as a mood, style, or tone of a film

34. ztook advantage of the post-war anxiety, pessimism, and suspicion zcounter-balanced the optimism of Hollywood's musicals zFear, mistrust, bleakness and paranoia are readily evident in noir zThe criminal, violent, misogynistic, hard-boiled, or greedy perspectives of anti-heroes in film noir were a metaphoric symptom of society's evils

35. z Film Noir showed the dark and inhumane side of human nature with cynicism and doomed love, and they emphasized the brutal, unhealthy, seamy, shadowy, dark and sadistic sides of the human experience

36. http://video.google.com/video play?docid=163724668362185 3631#