1. www.eu-eela.eu E-science grid facility for Europe and Latin America OurGrid and the co-existence with gLite Alexandre Duarte Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (Brazil) Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers 30/06 to 04/07/2008 Part of these slides were created by Francisco Brasileiro (UFCG-Brazil) and Diego Scardaci (INFN-Italy)

2. www.eu-eela.eu Agenda Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 2 Introduction The OurGrid Approach –Architecture –Scheduling –Avoiding Free-Riders –Security Concerns –Application Models OurGrid and gLite Co-Existence Conclusions

3. www.eu-eela.eu Introduction Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 3

4. www.eu-eela.eu EELA-2 Objectives Build a powerful, functional and well supported Grid Facility Address a large community of users Assert the financial & management schemes to operate and support the e-Infrastructure on the long range Anticipate the handover of the e-Infrastructure operation and support Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 4

5. www.eu-eela.eu Powerful Grid Facility Dream –An active community of potential grid users –High skilled support team to deploy and manage resource centres –A lot of resource centres with large amounts of computational resource to put in the grid Reality: –An active community of potential grid users –Lack of skilled personnel –A few resource centres with a good amounts of computational resources –A lot of resource centres with small amounts of computational resources Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 5

6. www.eu-eela.eu Making the Dream a Reality User Community –Continue with the good work –Keep finding more interesting applications to support Skilled personnel –That’s why we (you) are here (there) –Training training and training Computational Resources –Buy more computers? $$$ –Buy clusters? $$$$$ –Buy Supercomputers?$$$$$$$$$$$$ –Share idle resources?FREE  Example: UFCG with ±3000 PCs * 16 idle hours / day ≈ 2000 idle PCs!!! Totally free! 6 Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008

7. www.eu-eela.eu Sharing Idle Resources Voluntary Computing (eg. LCG@home) –Organisations donate their resources to A given project –Donators normally do not use the available resources for their own purposes –Entrance barrier is high, because one must  invest a good deal of effort in “advertising”  have a very high visibility project  be in a prestigious institution –May be useful when the organisation has access to a large number of desktops Peer2Peer Grid (eg. OurGrid) –Peers donate their resources to other Peers in the grid –Donators normally use the available resources for their own purposes –Entrance barrier is low, just deploy a new Peer in the grid Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 7

8. www.eu-eela.eu An Important Note These are not competing technologies! Each one is more appropriate to a particular subset of the users’ base Each one has its virtues and drawbacks It is very likely that they will be able not only to co- exist, but also to interoperate Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 8

9. www.eu-eela.eu The OurGrid Approach Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 9

10. www.eu-eela.eu The OurGrid Approach Labs can freely join the system without any human intervention –No need for negotiation; no paperwork Clear incentive to join the system –One can’t be worse off by joining the system –Noticeable increased response time –Free-riding resistant Basic dependability properties –Configurable level of security –Resilience to faults –Scalability Easy to install, configure, manage and program –No need for specialized support team Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 10

11. www.eu-eela.eu But there is no free lunch To simplify the problem, OurGrid is focused on Bag-of- Tasks (BoT) applications –No need for communication among tasks  Facilitates scheduling and security enforcement –Simple fail-over/retry mechanisms to tolerate faults –No need for QoS guarantees –Script-based programming is natural  Facilitates use Fortunately, many important applications are BoT! –Data mining, Massive search, Bio computing, Parameter sweep, Monte Carlo simulations, Fractal calculations, Image processing and many others Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 11

12. www.eu-eela.eu OurGrid Architecture Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 12

13. www.eu-eela.eu Finding Resources OurGrid GIS (NodeWiz) allows the execution of rich queries that encompass not only multiple attributes, but also range operators A scheduler might want to locate suitable resources –OS=linux && RAM ≥ 1G && clock > 4GHz && load < 0.5 A user may want to locate a dataset that contains particular data itens –rain_fall && -37º52’ < long < -37º46’ && 144º54’ < lat < 145º03’ && date ≥ 01/01/2007 … Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 13

14. www.eu-eela.eu Scheduling with no Information Grid scheduling typically depends on information about the grid (eg. machine speed and load) and the application (eg. task size) However, getting accurate information about all applications and resources is hard in a large scale peer-to-peer grid Can we efficiently schedule tasks without requiring access to information? This would make the system much easier to deploy and simpler to use Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 14

15. www.eu-eela.eu Workqueue with Replication Tasks are sent to idle processors When there are no more tasks, running tasks are replicated on idle processors The first replica to finish is the official execution Other replicas are cancelled Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 15

16. www.eu-eela.eu Preventing Free-riders It is important to encourage collaboration –In file-sharing, most users free-ride OurGrid uses a reciprocation-based incentive mechanism –Tit-for-tat The Network of Favors –All peers maintain a local balance for all known peers –Peers with greater balances have priority when there is contention for local resources –Under contention, the more one donates, the more one gets back –No additional infrastructure is needed Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 16

17. www.eu-eela.eu OurGrid Security How to protect resources from applications? –Leverages on the fact that BoT applications only communicate to receive input and return the output –Input/output is done by the OurGrid Worker Manager that runs within a Java virtual machine –The remote task runs inside a virtual machine, with no network access, and disk access only to a designated partition  Other configurations are possible –A new virtual machine is instantiated before a new task is run How to protect applications from resources? –Increased script language to accommodate an optional check phase  Application may introduce task-dependent water marks Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 17

18. www.eu-eela.eu Application Models Script-based –Stage-in/out files. Embedded –Direct access to MyGrid’s API Portal-based –Web interface to Mygrid’s API Framework-based –MyGrid inside of frameworks Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 18

19. www.eu-eela.eu OurGrid-enabling an Application Write a script using a very simple language –Simple abstractions  File transfer (put, store, get)  Hide heterogeneity ($PLAYPEN, $STORAGE) –Define constraints (job requirements and grid machine attributes) Write a program that embeds the business logic and may make use of more complex features available through a Java API Deploy a Portal that embeds the application Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 19

20. www.eu-eela.eu An Example: Factoring a Number job: label: my_factorial_useless_example requirements: (OS=linux && RAM ≥ 1G && clock > 4GHz && load < 0.5) task: init: store factoring $PLAYPEN remote: factoring 3 18655 34789789799 output-$JOB-$TASK final: get $PLAYPEN/output-$JOB-$TASK results task: init: store factoring $PLAYPEN remote: factoring 18656 37307 34789789799 output-$JOB-$TASK final: get $PLAYPEN/output-$JOB-$TASK results task: init: store factoring $PLAYPEN remote: factoring 37308 55968 34789789799 output-$JOB-$TASK final: get $PLAYPEN/output-$JOB-$TASK results … Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 20

21. www.eu-eela.eu Some Applications Script-based –Risk assessment for agriculture loans (EMBRAPA) –Our own research on computer science  Simulations API-based –SmartPumping (PETROBRAS)  Parallel execution of genetic algorithms for optimizing oil pipeline operation –EPANET-Grid (R&D project)  Grid-enabled version of the EPANET system for simulation of water supply systems –GridVida (R&D Project)  Image processing to support diagnosis by identifying similar cases in the archival database Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 21

22. www.eu-eela.eu Some Applications Portal-based : SegHidro (R&D project) –Several uses related to management of water resources in a Brazilian semi-arid area –Academic and industrial users –Allow the configuration of different workflows of simulation models and the execution of them in ensembles –Sharing of computing resources, data and complementary expertise Framework-based: GridUnit (R&D project) –An extension of JUnit –Features  Transparent and Automatic Distribution  Test Case Contamination Avoidance  Environmental coverage  Graphical user interface Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 22

23. www.eu-eela.eu OURGRID AND GLITE CO- EXISTENCE OurGrid and gLite Co-Existence Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 23

24. www.eu-eela.eu EELA-2 Joint Research Activity Help in fostering the sustainability of the e-Infrastructure –Making the e-Infrastructure more interesting and wide spread by increasing its reach and its usability Promote a continued and increased interaction between research groups in Europe and Latin-America Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 24

25. www.eu-eela.eu Increase the Reach by Allowing the scavenging of idle resources –Create the necessary mechanisms to allow resource centres that run the OurGrid middleware to co-exist with resource centres running gLite within the EELA platform –Provide some level of interoperation between these different kinds of resource centres and their associated applications Allowing the execution of the grid middleware on top of Microsoft Windows platforms –Port the gLite middleware to the Windows platform –Leveraging on the multi-platform characteristics of OurGrid Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 25

26. www.eu-eela.eu Increase the Usability by Developing new application-oriented grid services –Easy the creation of digital archives and data grid frameworks –Secure storage to solve the insider abuse problem –Support for cooperative workflows –Other selected services required by NA3 applications Leveraging on the grid services provided by the OurGrid middleware to execute bag-of-tasks jobs Facilitating the management of resource centres Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 26

27. www.eu-eela.eu Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 27 The first step is to allow EELA-2 OurGrid Resource Centres to be created –Provide support for the use of the gLite PKI by OurGrid resource centres OurGrid –gLite Co-Existence

28. www.eu-eela.eu OurGrid –gLite Co-Existence Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 28 The second step is to allow idle resources in an EELA-2 gLite resource centre to be exposed as OurGrid resources

29. www.eu-eela.eu Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 29 The final step is to allow resources of an OurGrid resource centre to be exposed as gLite resources –This will be achieved in two sub-steps  Firstly, allow clusters to be exposed as a single resource in an OurGrid resource centre

30. www.eu-eela.eu Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 30 The final step is to allow resources of an OurGrid resource centre to be exposed as gLite resources –This will be achieved in two sub-steps  Firstly, allow clusters to be exposed as a single resource in an OurGrid resource centre  Secondly, make these resources available at the gLite grid

31. www.eu-eela.eu JRA1 Milestones MJRA1.1: set/2008 –PKI-enabled OurGrid middleware MJRA1.2: jan/2009 –Prototypes of the proposed services MJRA1.3: jan/2009 –Common information system between gLite and OurGrid up & running MJRA1.4: jul/2009 –Prototype of the gateway to transfer jobs from gLite to OurGrid and vice-versa MJRA1.5: jul/2009 –Stable version of the proposed services MJRA1.6: jan/2010 –Stable version of the gateway to transfer jobs from gLite to OurGrid and vice-versa Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 31

32. www.eu-eela.eu References About OurGrid –Download the middleware and documentation from http://www.ourgrid.org http://www.ourgrid.org –Read “Labs of the world, unite!!! W. Cirne, F. Brasileiro, N. Andrade, L. Costa, A. Andrade, R. Novaes, M. Mowbray. Journal of Grid Computing 4 (3) (2006) 225-246.” for more details. About JRA1 –Requests/Comments/Suggestions/Criticisms  Send email to either Francisco Brasileiro (fubica@dsc.ufcg.edu.br) or Diego Scardaci (diego.scardaci@ct.infn.it)diego.scardaci@ct.infn.it –Contact the developers at jra1@eu-eela.eujra1@eu-eela.eu –Download new software distributions from http://eela-forge.euhttp://eela-forge.eu Catania, Joint EELA-2/EGEE-III Tutorial for Trainers, 30/06 to 04/07/2008 32