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DOMESTIC COAL RESOURCE Geological Survey of India
AN OVERVIEW DOMESTIC COAL RESOURCE ON D.Bhattacharya Director Geological Survey of India
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Coal: Lignite: Solid fossil fuel resource of the country
500Km Solid fossil fuel resource of the country LIGNITE DAMODAR-KOEL VALLEY COALFIELDS Coal: billion tonnes SON-MAHANADI VALLEY COALFIELDS Lignite: 41.9 billion tonnes WARDHA-GODAVARI VALLEY COALFIELDS LIGNITE
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Lower Gondwana coalfields
MAJOR COALFIELDS OF INDIA Tertiary coalfields (57-23 million years) Lower Gondwana coalfields Assam Meghalaya Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland ( million years) Jharkhand Orissa Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra
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Indian Gondwana basins
Deogarh basin Son valley basin Satpura basin Rajmahal basin Wardha Valley Damodar-Koel Valley Mahanadi Valley Godavari Valley
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Damodar-Koel Valley Coalfield-wise resource Total 88 b.t.
Ramgarh Raniganj E. Bokaro S. Karanpura Auranga Daltonganj Hutar Jharia W. Bokaro N. Karanpura Damodar-Koel Valley West East Coalfield-wise resource (Resource in billion tonne) Total 88 b.t. All the coalfields are well connected through Roads/Railways
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Raniganj Coalfield Coal Resource Total : 26.1 b.t Coking: 1.4 b.t
Alluvium Tertiaries Supra Panchet Panchet Formation Raniganj Formation Barren Measures Barakar Formation Talchir Formation Crystalline basement Basement under Tertiary cover Raniganj Coalfield Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 26.1 b.t Coking: 1.4 b.t Non Coking coal b.t Power Gr. Ungraded Superior Gr.
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Raniganj Coalfield Salient features
Formation Thickness Coal Seam Supra-Panchet 400m Panchet 600m Raniganj 1150m (<1m to 17m) Barren Measures 650m Barakar 750m (<1m to 62m) Talchir 300m Basement ---- No. Thickness Salient features Coal occurs in two horizons, Raniganj & Barakar Fms Raniganj Formation is widely and better developed than Barakar Formation Barakar coals are generally medium coking, upper coal seams like Chanch, Laikdih are excellent Lower Raniganj coal seams like Dishergarh, Sanctoria are semi-coking while Middle & upper seams yield superior quality non coking coal More than 10 billion tonne coal is of Superior qualty
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Coal Resource Jharia Coalfield Total: 19.2 billion tonne
Geological map of Jharia Coalfield Jharia Coalfield Coal Resource (in billion tonne) b.t b.t Total: 19.2 billion tonne b.t b.t Non coking Coking
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Jharia Coalfield Formation Thickness Coal Seam Intrusives Raniganj 725m (<1m to 4.7m) Barren Measures 850m Barakar 1130m (<1m to 33m) Talchir 225m Basement ---- Thickness No. Salient features Generally all the coal seams show caking properties Upper Barakar coal seams (IX – XVIII) --- Prime Coking Lower Barakar coal seams (I – VIII) --- Medium Coking Raniganj coal seams: Medium Coking
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Coal Resource E.Bokaro Coalfield Total: 8.06 billion tonne
Geological map of East Bokaro Coalfield E.Bokaro Coalfield Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total: 8.06 billion tonne Non coking Coking
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Workable coal seams within Barakar Formation
E.Bokaro Coalfield Formation Thickness Coal Seam Mahadeva 500m Panchet 600m Raniganj 600m (<1m to 3.0m) Barren Measures 500m Barakar 1000m (<1m to 63.9m) Talchir 80m Basement ---- No. Thickness Salient features Workable coal seams within Barakar Formation Coals are high rank, low to high volatile, medium coking Kargali, Bermo and Karo group of seams are important
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W.Bokaro Coalfield Coal Resource Total: 5.0 billion tonne
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF WEST BOKARO COALFIELD W.Bokaro Coalfield Coal Resource Total: 5.0 billion tonne b.t b.t b.t b.t Non coking Coking
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Coals are generally of medium to high volatile and medium coking
W.Bokaro Coalfield Formation Thickness Coal Seam Mahadeva 600m Panchet 450m Raniganj 550m 10 thin (<1m to 2m) Barren Measures 300m Barakar 610m (1m to 22m) Karharbari 60m Talchir 160m No. Thickness Salient features Coals are generally of medium to high volatile and medium coking Important seams are Seam-V and Seam-X
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N.Karanpura Coalfield Coal Resource Total: 18.26 billion tonne b.t b.t
Geological map of North Karanpura Coalfield N.Karanpura Coalfield Coal Resource Total: billion tonne b.t b.t b.t b.t b.t Non coking Coking
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Seam-I & II are thick and persistent
N.Karanpura Coalfield Formation Thickness Coal Seam Mahadeva 165m Panchet 225m Raniganj 400m thin bands Barren Measures 385m Barakar 500m 5 (<1m to 35.2m) Karharbari 200m (<1m to 10.5m) Talchir 180m Basement ---- No. Thickness Salient features Seam-I & II are thick and persistent Coals in the eastern part are of high rank and medium coking Karharbari coal is of superior quality
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S.Karanpura Coalfield Coal Resource Total: 6.27 billion tonne
Geological map of South Karanpura Coalfield Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total: 6.27 billion tonne Non coking Coking
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Workable seams are from Barakar Formation
S.Karanpura Coalfield Formation Thickness Coal Seam Raniganj 360m (<1m to 3.3m) Barren Measures 385m Barakar 1050m (<1m to 54.2m) Talchir 180m Basement ---- No. Thickness Salient features Workable seams are from Barakar Formation Coals are dominantly non- coking Lower coal seams in the central part developed caking propensity at depth
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Rajmahal - Birbhum Basin
Hura Chupervita Pachwara Mahuagarhi Brahmani Rajmahal - Birbhum Basin Five detached coalfields, viz., Hura, Chuperbhita, Pachwara, Mahuagarhi and Brahmani arranged from north to south, constitute the Rajmahal Group and southward extension of Brahmani coalfield into West Bengal is the Birbhum Coalfield Coalfields are well connected through Roads/Railways
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Rajmahal Group Salient features Coal Resource
Hura Chupervita Pachwara Mahuagarhi Brahmani Rajmahal Group Formation Thickness Rajmahal > 600m Dubrajpur > 200m Barakar > 500m Talchir ~ 60m Salient features Sizeable resource at shallow level in Pachwara Coalfield Seams I and II are thick (>1m to 23m) and persistent Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total: billion tonne
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Deocha Dewanganj Pachami Sursal Jharkhand Birbhum Coalfield Formation Thickness Coal Seam zone Rajmahal 350m Dubrajpur 130m Barakar 650m (<1m to 156m) Talchir 310m Basement ---- Thickness No. Coal occurrence in Birbhum district in the Trans-Ajoy part of Raniganj Coalfield was already known. Birbhum Coalfield as a separate entity has emerged in the coal map of West Bengal through systematic exploration by GSI during mid 80’s. Barakars, containing multitude of thick coal seams, concealed below thick hard trap rocks, making mining a difficult proposition Coal Resource (in billion tonne) 6.33 b.t.
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Total : 113.6 b.t Mahanadi Valley Mahanadi Valley
Mahanadi Valley basin chain includes Talcher, Ib-River, Mand-Raigarh, Korba and Hasdo-Arand coalfields Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : b.t
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Total : 48.41 b.t Talcher Coalfield Coal Resource
Quarternary deposits Laterite Kamthi Formation Barren Measures Barakar Formation Karharbari Formation Talchir Formation Metamorphics Fault >300m Hill Geological map of Talcher Coalfield Talcher Coalfield Eastern part of Coalfield is connected through Railways Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : b.t
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Talcher Coalfield Salient features
Formation Thickness Coal Seam No. Thickness Kamthi m Barakar m (<1m to 86m) Karharbari 650m (<1m to 14m) Talchir m Basement Salient features Holds maximum coal resource amongst other Indian coalfields 10 coal seams in Barakar; Individual seam thickness reaches up to 86m Cumulative seam thickness up to 150m More than 65% lies within 300m depth with considerable quarriable potentiality Mostly power grade coal Superior quality coal amounts to 1.7 billion tonne Coals from Seam-I (Karharbari) is of Superior quality
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Total : 23.03 b.t IB-River Coalfield Coal Resource
Coalfield is connected through Roads/Railways Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : b.t
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IB-River Coalfield Salient features
Formation Thickness Coal Seam No. Thickness Kamthi 100m Raniganj 200m (<1m to 7.4m) Barren Measures 260m Barakar 450m (<1m to 60m) Talchir 130m Basement Salient features More than 60% resource within 300m depth level Mostly power grade coal Lowermost IB seam is of better quality
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MAND – RAIGARH COALFIELD
INDEX 3° F LABED SYANG BARPALI HATI KUDMURA KUREKELA CHHAL KHARSIA RAIGARH TAMNAR GARE PELMA TILAIPALI PHUTAMURA CHIMTAPANI KURUMKELA BORO SCALE 5 10 km GEOLOGICAL MAP OF MAND – RAIGARH COALFIELD PART OF TOPOSHEET NOS. 64 J/14,15,16, N/2,3,4,7,8,11,12, O/5 & 9 GHARGHODA DHARAMJAIGARH BASIC INTRUSIVES KAMTHI FORMATION RANIGANJ FORMATION BARREN MEASURES BARAKAR FORMATION TALCHIR FORMATION PRECAMBRIANS BEDDING ATTITUDES FAULTS MAND R. KURKET R. 83° 00" 83° 15" 83° 30" 22° 00" 15" 30" JHARPALAM SITHRA Mand-Raigarh Coalfield Connected through roads Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 25.1 b.t 12 coal seams of which Seam-V thickest Seam-V -- 34m to 63m thick in southern limb, 2m-33m in northern limb Mostly Power grade coal (‘D’ to ‘G’ grade)
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Korba Coalfield Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 11.7 b.t Connected mainly through roads Coal seams restricted in Lower & Upper members of Barakar Fm. 8 coal seams in Lower member, rarely exceeds 5m in thickness but yield superior quality coal Max. 28 coal seams (max.60m thick) in upper member, but yield power grade coal 75% resource in shallow level
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Hasdo-Arand Coalfield
Connected through roads Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 5.4 b.t 6 coal seams in Barakar Fm Morga (max. 8m thick) and Dhajag (max. 16m thick) important Almost 100% resource within shallow level
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Son Valley Total : 24.2 b.t Son Valley
Singrauli and Sohagpur Connected through Rail/roads; Ramkola-Tatapani poorly connected Son Valley Son Valley basin chain includes Singrauli, Sohagpur, and Tatapani-Ramkola coalfields Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 24.2 b.t
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Singrauli Coalfield Coal Resource
(in billion tonne) Total : 14.6 b.t Coal occurs in Main basin in west and Moher sub-basin in east Barakar: 7 – 8 coal seams (<1m to 18m thick) Main basin: Raniganj: 4 coal seams (<1m to 4m thick) Moher sub-basin: Super thick seam >100m Major resource in M.P while only 1.06 m.t in U.P
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Sohagpur Coalfield Coal Resource Max. seven coal seams
(<1m to 3.5m thick) Cum. Coal thickness --- max. 15m Both coking (north of Bamni-chilpa fault from east to west central part) & non-coking coal 4.2 b.t. within 300m and >2.1 b.t Superior grade Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 6.9 b.t Non coking (5.4 b.t) Coking (1.5 b.t)
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Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield
Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 2.64 b.t 13 coal seams developed in Barakar Formation Seam thickness <1m to 15m with cum. thickness 67m (max.) Seam – III and V persistent & well developed Number of coal seams reduces towards west About 600 million tonne superior grade coal
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Wardha Valley Coal Resource Total : 10.8 b.t Wardha Valley
Connected through roads and railways Wardha Valley Wardha Valley basin chain includes Wardha, Bander, Umrer and Kamptee coalfields from south to north. Bander and Umrer are small coalfields Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 10.8 b.t
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Wardha Coalfield Coal Resource
8 6 7 5 2 Wardha Coalfield Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 6.4 b.t One persistent and thick (17 – 25m) seam, often with three splits, developed in Barakar Formation along with Seven impersistent coal seams (max. 1.31m) mostly power grade.
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GEOLOGICAL MAP OF KAMPTEE COALFIELD
3 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF KAMPTEE COALFIELD Kamptee Coalfield Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 3 b.t Five coal seams (Seam-I to V) developed in middle part of Barakar Formation Seam thickness - <1m to 11.7m Seam-II is persistent in respect to thickness and quality
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Pench-Kanhan-Tawa valley Coalfield
E. Part connected through rail Three coal seams are reported of which the topmost seam is most consistent. Thickness varies from <1m to 6.7m. Both coking and non coking coal available in this coalfield. Coal Resource (in billion tonne) Total : 3.3 b.t Non coking Coking
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Godavari Coalfield Coal Resource Connected through Rail/Roads
(in billion tonne) Total : 22.1 b.t Coal development varies from north to south. Coal occurs in two horizon. Kamthi coal is interbanded. 7 coal seam zones with maxm. thickness of 30m. Barakar having 2 to 4 workable seams with maxm. thickness of 25m 1.9 b.t. superior grade coal within 300m
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COAL DEPOSITS OF NORTH-EASTERN INDIA 1.49 billion tonnes
Tiru Borjan Miao bum Makum Dilli-Jeypore Tuen Sang Singirimari Aka Hills Abor Hills 4 Daphla Hills Namchik-Namphuk Jhanzi-Disai Koilajan Cherrapunji Mawlong-Shella Langrin West Daranggiri Balphakram-Pendenguru Arunachal Pradesh Assam Nagaland Meghalaya Manipur Tripura Total resource 1.49 billion tonnes Mizoram
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Assam Makum 452.8 m.t Total Resource (513.31 million tonne)
Coal seam 2 Nos Thickness <1.0 – 4.1m Moisture% 1.2 – 1.6 Ash% – 23.9 V.M.% – 22.9 C.I. 19 to 26 Coke type E – G3 Makum 452.8 m.t Singrimari ( 2.79 m.t.) Dibrugarh Tinsukia Coal seam 5 Nos Thickness 1.2 – 33m Moisture% 1.8 – 2.8 Ash% 1.9 – 20.0 V.M.% – 45.0 S% 1.5 – 5.8 C.I. 17 to 24 Dilli-Jeypore Sibsagar Jorhat Doigrung Tezpur Brahmaputra River Rangia Golaghat Nambor Goalpara Nowgong Charpakra Dhubri Dispur Silonijan Coal seam 6 – 7 Nos Thickness 1.2 – 4.0m Moisture% 4.6 – 7.5 Ash% 1.3 – 18.9 V.M.% – 45.0 S% 1.5 – 5.8 Generally non-caking Kotha-Ardha Lumding Koilajan Diphu Jamuna Dilli-Jeypur ( m.t.) Singrimari Dithor Thickness 1.3 – 2.2m Moisture% 5.6 – 8.1 Ash% – 37.4 V.M.% – 65.0 S% 2.5 – 3.8 Generally non-caking Garampani Haflong Longlai Khonongma Diklem-Daupher Baga-dahangi Mikir Hills ( 3.71 m.t.) 0-300: m.t : m.t.
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Tertiary coal 90.23 m.t. Arunachal Pradesh
Total Resource : m.t. Gondwana coal (Minor Resource) Dibang Moisture: Low Ash: Low V.M.: High Diang Anini Abor Tertiary coal 90.23 m.t. Tonwa Mukki Miri Pasighat Abor Hills Miao-Bum Tawang Daphala Miri Hills Moisture: Low Ash: Low to Moderate V.M.: High Sulphur: High Coking: Weak to Moderate Bomdila Aka Daphala Hills Khonsa Aka Hills Itanagar Namchik-Namphuk
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Balphakram- Pendengru
MEGHALAYA Total Resource: million.tonne Gondwana coal Tertiary coal West Daranggiri 59.60 Singrimari Khasi-Jaintia Hills Coal seams generally thin with low ash, high volatile and moderate to strongly caking. Um Rileng Nongpoh Bapung Garo Hills Coal seams generally <1m – 3m thick with low ash, high volatile and non caking. Karaibari Garo Hills Mawbeh-Iarker Rongrenggiri Shillong Laltryngew Holwang - Nabru Cherrapunji Tura Nongstoin Jaintia Hills Khasi Hills Ioksi Mawsyhram Jarain Baljong Sutnga Siju Doigring Lumshong 125.00 Kylas Pynursia Isamati Balphakram- Pendengru Langrin-Barsora 133.16 Lakadong 107.03 Mawlong-Shella Emerged as an important coal producer in recent years Coal being mined in unorganised sectors (private non-captive) {source: DMR, Meghalaya}
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Resource : 6.60 million tonne
NAGALAND Total Resource ( million tonne) Tichak Tiru Resource : 6.60 million tonne Coal seam 2 nos. Thickness <1.0m - 1.7m Moisture 8.7% - 9.5% Ash 2.5% - 6.2% V.M % % Sulphur 2.2% % Simalug Borjan Coal seam 7 nos. Thickness <1.0m - 5.8m Moisture 2.0% - 5.0% Ash 10.0% - 48% V.M % % Sulphur 3.0% % Resource : 10.0 million tonne Molwachung Jhanzi-Disai Dimapur Coal seam 5 nos. Thickness <1.0m - 2.6m Moisture 2.0% % Ash 1.2% % V.M % % Sulphur 1.6% % Resource : 2.08 million tonne Kohima Tuensang Coal seam 5 nos. Thickness <1.0m - 2.2m Moisture 2.3% % Ash 6.9% % V.M % % Sulphur 0.6% % Resource : 3.26 million tonne
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RESOURCE CLASSIFIED AS
CATEGORY : (Based on degree of confidence) PROVED (>80%) THROUGH DETAILED EXPLORATION INDICATED (>50 to 80%) THROUGH REGIONAL EXPLORATION INFERRED (<50 %) DEPTH : 0-300 m, m and m GRADE : Medium Coking : SG-I, SG-II, W-I, W-II, W-III, W-IV Semi Coking : Grade-I and grade-II Non Coking : Superior (Gr. A – C ash+mois upto 29%) and Power grade (Gr. D – G ash+mois upto 55%)
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Depth-wise & Category-wise Indian coal resource
(As on ) TOTAL RESOURCE : billion tonne
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Categorised State-wise resource of Indian coal
(As on ) Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Jharkhand West Bengal Chattisgarh Orissa
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Coalfield-wise ‘Proved’ & ‘Indicated’ resource at 0-300m depth level
Proved resource Indicated resource (Resource in billion tonne) Coalfield-wise ‘Proved’ & ‘Indicated’ resource at 0-300m depth level
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STATE-WISE PROVED COAL RESOURCES 0 – 300 m Depth level
million tonne STATE-WISE INDICATED COAL RESOURCES 0 – 300 m Depth level million tonne
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STATE-WISE PROVED COKING COAL RESOURCES 0 – 300 m Depth level
Prime Medium Semi Medium Semi Medium Semi Jharkhand C.garh MP WB
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COAL FIELD-WISE PROVED SUPERIOR GRADE NON-COKING COAL RESOURCES 0 – 300 m Depth level
million tonne
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COAL FIELD-WISE INDICATED SUPERIOR GRADE NON-COKING COAL RESOURCES 0 – 300 m Depth level
Million tonne
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COAL FIELD-WISE PROVED POWER GRADE NON-COKING COAL RESOURCES 0 – 300 m Depth level
15777 8258 8140 Million tonne 5774 4605 4595 4595 4595
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COAL FIELD-WISE INDICATED POWER GRADE NON-COKING COAL RESOURCES 0 – 300 m Depth level
12586 11389 7506 5404 Million tonne 3458 2967 2744
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Lignite Occurrences Workable deposits Total Resource 41.9 b.t.
m 5 6 7 9 4 3 2 1 8 55. Ratnagiri 56. Nileswaram 57. Madayi 58. Warkala 59. Mannargudi 60. Jayamkonda Cholapuram 61. Lalpettai 62. Srimushnam 63. Neyveli South 64. Bhubangiri 65. Neyveli East 66. Bahur 67, 68, 69. Eluru-Rajamundri Lignite Occurrences HYDERABAD PANAJI BANGALORE CHENNAI PONDICHERY TIRUVANTAPURAM Lignite Occurrences Workable deposits Total Resource 41.9 b.t. Total Resource : 38.3 b.t (in billion tonne)
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Geological map of East Coast lignite field,
Tamil Nadu Resource: m.t. Neyveli Resource: 8666 m.t. LIGNITE OCCURENCES OF TAMIL NADU TAMIL NADU Mannargudi Resource: m.t. Proved areas Target Areas Ind. Seam thickness: <1m – 28m Cum. lignite thickness: 15m – 40m RAMNAD SUBBASIN Ramnad Resource: 1426 m.t.
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RAJASTHAN Total Resource: 4907 m.t.
Lignite seams are generally thin and development is mostly lenticular and discontinuous Barmer : 3502 m.t. Bikaner : 1095 m.t Nagaur : 234 m.t. Lignite occurs mainly in 3 basins.
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GUJARAT TOTAL LIGNITE RESOURCE : 2722.05 million tonne
Lignite in Gujarat occurs in three areas. 1. Kachh : m.t Bharuch : m.t. 2. Bhavnagar : m.t. 4. Surat : m.t.
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RESOURCE AUGMENTATION Vs PRODUCTION
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CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE BASE
NO SCOPE FOR COMPLACENCY IN LONG TERM All geological resources - not mineable All mineable resources – not recoverable CONSIDERABLE PART IS BEYOND THE LIMIT OF COST EFFECTIVE MINING AT PRESENT
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NAMASTE
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