1. COMMITMENT & INTEGRITY DRIVE RESULTS NON-CHLORIDE WINTER DEICERS

2. ▀ Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) ▀ Working temperature: + 20°F (-7°C) ▀ Rate of liquid application – Anti-icing-15-25 GAL/LM – Deice – 25-60 GAL/LM (.5-1 gallon/1000 Ft²) ▀ Rate dry – 200-400# LANE MILE (10-25#/1000 FT²) ▀ Contains no chlorides. Safest deicer for new concrete. ▀ 97% Anhydrous Sodium Acetate (NAAC) ▀ Working temperature: + 0°F (-18°C) ▀ Pelleted only ▀ Spread – 200#-500# LANE MILE (7-20# per 1000 Ft²) ▀ Contains no chloride. Used in salt sensitive areas – airport runways, bridges, parking garages, doorways, sidewalks, etc. Publicly Available Non-Chloride Deicers From Cryotech -2010

3. Publicly Available Non-Chloride Deicers ▀ Potassium Acetate (KA) ▀ Most widely used for airfield deicing – FAA approved ▀ Dry or Aqueous Application ▀ Contains no chlorides. Environmentally acceptable alternative to Urea. ▀ Others ▀ Sodium Formate ▀ Potassium Formate

4. General Concerns ▀ COST ▀ 5x-10x MORE EXPENSIVE THAN CONVENTIONAL DEICERS ▀ BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ▀ VARYING RESULTS BUT ALL HAVE POTENTIAL FOR SOME IMPACT ▀ TOXICITY ▀ GENERALLY LESS THAN CHLORIDE-BASED DEICERS

5. CASE STUDY WOODARD & CURRAN OFFICE, PORTLAND, ME Source: Relative Contribution of Each Source to the Total Salt Imports to the Watershed Policy-Porcupine Brook Chloride TMDL April 18, 2008

6. CASE STUDY ▀ Spot Application Modification ▀ 2 - 55 lbs. Bags Per Storm ▀ 15 Storms – 30 bags per winter (1650 lbs) of CaCL @ $14.65 per bag ▀ Replace with CMA at $48 per bag ▀ Reduces overall annual chloride application by 15% with increase of cost of $1100

7. COMMITMENT & INTEGRITY DRIVE RESULTS CAN WE MAKE IT CHEAPER?