2. Elements of Poetry : Figurative Language This is language that is always based on some kind of comparison that is not literally true. SIMILES METAPHORS PERSONIFICATION SYMBOLS

3. Imagery  An “image” is “a word or sequence of words that refers to any sensory experience.”  An image conveys a sense perception: – a visual picture – a sound – a feeling of touch – a taste, – an odor

4. Figurative Language Defined  Any language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words in order to furnish new effects or fresh insights into an idea or a subject.  Describes something by comparing it with something else. There are many types including – Simile – Metaphor – Personification

5. Similes A simile is a comparison of two unlike things using the words like, as, than, or resembles. Similes are easy to spot. (X is like Y: X is compared to Y in order to illustrate X more fancifully or poetically)  “Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you’re gonna get” Forrest ran like a machine for weeks Until he reached the Pacific Ocean.

6. Simile : What is Being Compared?  The team’s center looked like a skyscraper.  My love is like a red, red rose.  We were as quiet as frightened mice. Underline the items being compared.Effect of Comparison

7. Metaphor  A metaphor also compares two unlike things, but a metaphor is a bit more sophisticated than a simile. – The words like or as are missing. – There are three types of metaphors including Direct Implied Extended

8. Direct Metaphor A direct metaphor says something is something else. In a direct metaphor, a poet writes that X is Y. Examples :  I was a lonely cloud  My brain is an unorganized file cabinet

9. Direct Metaphor  My dog is the king of the neighborhood.  Lane Stadium is a slaughterhouse whenever the Wahoos play the Hokies.  Richard was a lion in the fight.  Her eyes are dark emeralds. Underline the items being compared. Effect of Comparison

10. Implied Metaphor An implied metaphor suggests the comparison instead of stating it directly. Direct Metaphor Implied Metaphor. John swelled and ruffled his plumage when pretty ladies walked by. Dave stood his ground and brayed his refusal to leave the all-you-can-eat buffet. John was a proud peacock. Dave was a stubborn mule.

11. Implied Metaphor Examples Oh, my love has petals and sharp thorns. The subway coursed through the arteries of the city. Clint galloped gracefully around the track. What Two Things are Compared?Effect of the Comparison

12. Extended Metaphor An extended metaphor develops over several lines or throughout a poem. How many ways does Langston Hughes compare life to a stairway? “Mother to Son” Well, son, I'll tell you: Life for me ain't been no crystal stair. It's had tacks in it, And splinters, And boards torn up, And places with no carpet on the floor – Bare. But all the time I'se been a-climbin' on, And reachin' landin's, And turnin' corners, And sometimes goin' in the dark Where there ain't been no light. So boy, don't you turn back. Don't you set down on the steps 'Cause you finds it's kinder hard. Don't you fall now – For I'se still goin', honey, I'se still climbin', And life for me ain't been no crystal stair.

13. Personification Dawn's rosy fingers reached for the sky. The angry wind slashed across the island. The stars smiled down upon us. Anytime we give human qualities to a nonhuman things or ideas.

14. Personification Example : The shining red traffic light mockingly smiled at me as I, stuck in traffic, ranted and raved. The traffic light can not smile as a human does. By saying the light smiles, a poet gives the light human characteristics.

15. Oxymoron  Two contradictory terms are placed side by side, usually for an effect of intensity:  Organized Mess  Alone in a Crowd  Jumbo Shrimp  Controlled Chaos  Deafening Silence  Friendly Fire  Sweet Sorrow Comedian George Carlin often joked about “military intelligence.”

16. Oxymoron  Two contradictory terms are placed side by side, usually for an effect of intensity: "O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!"

17. Hyperbole  (hy per bo lee) is intentional exaggeration or overstating, often for dramatic or humorous effect:  Hamilton cried a flood of tears after the Cowboys lost to the Redskins.  The bookbag weighed a ton after I got all my books for the school year.

18. Metonymy  In this figure (m’ tawn ni’mee) one thing is replaced by another thing associated with it.  The Crown is amused (“The Crown” is the Queen).  The White House is furious (“The White House” is the President).

19. Synecdoche  Here, (sin nec duh kee) a part represents the whole: All hands on deck! Lend me your ears. Let’s buy one hundred head of cattle!

20. Symbols heart = snake = lion = an ordinary object, event, animal, or person to which we have attached extraordinary meaning LOVE EVIL COURAGE

21. Bellringer : May 8th Write an original simile or metaphor to describe yourself in the morning.

22. Agenda Poetry Notes : Figurative Language Figurative Language Easter Egg Hunt SOL Review Passage #3?????

23. Easter Egg Hunt : Overview 1) Work with a partner. Each person has to fill out his/her sheet to win and earn credit. Partners must have the same examples. 2) Each egg has an example of figurative language. – Metaphor – Simile – Personification – Hyperbole – Oxymoron 3) Find the egg. Determine which type of figurative language it is. Fill out your form. 4) Put the egg back where you found it. 5) When you think you have all five complete, bring the sheet to me.

24. 1) Metaphor : _________________________________________ Two things compared: a) _____________________________ b) ____________________________ 2) Simile : _________________________________________ Two things compared: a) ______________________________ b) ______________________________ 3) Personification : ___________________________________ What is personified? __________________________________ Which word(s) personifies it? ___________________________ 4) Hyperbole : _______________________________________ Desired Effect : ______________________________________ 5) Oxymoron : _______________________________________ ________________ and ________________ make the oxymoron 1) Metaphor : _________________________________________ Two things compared: a) ______________________________ b) ______________________________ 2) Simile : _________________________________________ Two things compared: a) ______________________________ b) ______________________________ 3) Personification : ___________________________________ What is personified? __________________________________ Which word(s) personifies it? ___________________________ 4) Hyperbole : _______________________________________ Desired Effect : ______________________________________ 5) Oxymoron : _______________________________________ ________________ and ________________ make the oxymoron