1. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Session 1

2. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Classical Rhetorical Analysis Aristotle: “Rhetoric is the observance of all available means of persuasion.” (The Rhetorica)

3. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Roman Scholars on Rhetorical Analysis: Invention Invention Logos Logos Ethos Ethos Pathos Pathos Organization Organization Style Style Delivery Delivery Memoria Memoria

4. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Chapter 1 Argument and Persuasion (p. 8) Argument – uses evidence and reason to get agreement (conviction) Argument – uses evidence and reason to get agreement (conviction) Persuasion – moves others from conviction to action (action) Persuasion – moves others from conviction to action (action) Or, we “we may want to reserve the term persuasion” for changing opinions through both reason and other techniques (conviction and action) Or, we “we may want to reserve the term persuasion” for changing opinions through both reason and other techniques (conviction and action)

5. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Purposes of Argument Inform Inform Convince Convince Explore Explore Meditate Meditate Pray Pray

6. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Occasions Past – Forensic Past – Forensic Future – Deliberative Future – Deliberative Present - Epideictic (Ceremonial) Present - Epideictic (Ceremonial)

7. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson STASIS THEORY ARGUMENTS OF… Fact - Did something happen? Fact - Did something happen? Definition - What is its nature? Definition - What is its nature? Evaluation - What is its quality? Evaluation - What is its quality? Proposal - What actions should be taken? Proposal - What actions should be taken?

8. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Appeals Pathos – emotional Pathos – emotional Ethos – writer’s authority and character Ethos – writer’s authority and character Logos - logical Logos - logical

9. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Chapter 2 – Pathos Emotion to build bridges Emotion to build bridges Emotion to sustain an argument Emotion to sustain an argument Humor Humor

10. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Chapter 3 – Ethos Authority – intelligence Authority – intelligence Trustworthiness Trustworthiness Good will Good will

11. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Chapter 4 – Logos Inartistic – hard facts and evidence Statistics Statistics Surveys and Polls Surveys and Polls Testimony Testimony Examples (Not listed by text) Examples (Not listed by text)

12. Copyright © 2007, Terry Hudson Logos (Cont.) Artistic – reason and common sense Deductive Deductive Syllogism and Enthymeme Syllogism and Enthymeme Toulmin argument Toulmin argument Structures Structures Analogies (similies and metaphors) Analogies (similies and metaphors) Precedent Precedent