2.  Differ in: Site of ganglia Length of pre & postganglionic fiber Mediators of postganglionic fiber Ramifies adrenal medulla and its mediator circulate in blood

3. Gland cells Transmitter is Mainly norepinephrine [NE] Rarely Ach  M 2 or Dopamine  D 1 Transmitter is Mainly epinephrine [E ]  circulates and acts  1,  2,  1,  2

4. SYMPATHETIC ACTIONS Fight & Flight  receptors  1 receptors  2 receptors HEART Force Inotropic HR Chronotropic AV conduction Dromotropic  Motility KIDNEY Renin from Juxta- glomerular cells VESSELS Vasodilatation BRONCHUS Bronchodilatation UTERUS Relax :Tocolysis LIVER Glucose GIT & G. Bladder  M otility EYE: Relax Ciliary m. BLADDER Detrusal m.:Relax EYE: Contract Dilator Pupilli PENIS Ejaculation GIT Contraction of sphincters BLOOD VESSELS Vasoconstriction URINARY BLADDER Contraction of sphincters SALIVARY GLANDS  Salivation PANCREAS  Insulin secretion

5. D1D1

6. Tyrosine Dopa DA NE Na COMT NET Ca Norepinephrine (NE) SYNTHESIS STORAGE RELEASE ACTION REUPTAKE DEGRADE POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC NERVE ENDING NE  E Dopamine (DA) E ADRENAL MEDULLA

7. SYMPATHETIC NERVE ENDING   Presynaptic action of NE at  2 receptor SYMPATHETIC SUPPLY TO SMOOTH MUSCLES Gq SNS actions at   2 and  2 receptors in smooth m. CONTRACTIONRELAXATIONCONTRACTION

8. SNS actions at t  1 receptors in heart SNS actions at  receptors in organs controlling metabolism

9. Sum up of physiological actions of Epinephrine (adrenaline) Heart  inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic & lusiotropic ( excitability)(    BP  systolic (    / diastolic   low dose (    &  high dose (    Vascular SMC; constrict skin + peripheral (    dilate coronary+skeletal (    Non vascular SMC; Lung  bronchiodilatation (    GIT   motility (    / contract sphincter (    Bladder   detrusor m. (    / contract trigone & sphincter (    Pregnant uterus  tocolytic (    Eye  mydriasis (     no sig. change; accommodation & intraocular pressure(IOP) ??? Metabolism  insulin (   , glucagon (    liver glycogenolysis + sk. m. glycolysis (    /  adipose lipolysis (      CNS  little, headache, tremors & restlessness Acts on all ADR;  =/> 