1. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 1 IT Ron Williams Business Innovation Through Information Technology Information Management

2. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 2 IT Ron Williams Data Types –Structured Customer records Orders Financial records Etc. –Unstructured E-mail Documents Pictures Structures for Storage –File organization Repetitive Indexed Stream –Data Base Hierarchical Networked Relational

3. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 3 IT Ron Williams Data Hierarchical Networked Relational Object Repetitive Indexed Stream (with key words) Data Type Structured Unstructured Data Organization Data Base File The Vast Majority of Business Data are Stored in Files

4. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 4 IT Ron Williams File Based Systems Lead to: Data redundancy Data confusion Program-data dependence Costly program development Costly Maintenance Poor security & privacy Poor sharing & availability

5. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 5 IT Ron Williams The File Problem Application A Application B File Application B wasn’t designed to accept all kinds of data requests Could copy the file on a regular basis & Build access into the file copy into application A 1. Request for Data 2.Access Data 3.Return data File Copy Application B changes the file format – What happens to the data application B accesses?

6. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 6 IT Ron Williams Applications are Constantly Sharing Information: Application Heterogeneity Shared Infrastructure Network, Some Servers, Possibly a data center or two Sales Marketing Mfg. Dist. Data Warehouse AS/400 Unix 390 PC Server 390 PC Server AS/400 Unix 390 PC Server AS/400 Unix 390 PC Server Unix 390 Many point to point connections (only 1 sources shown here) Changing one system has broad impact on internals of many other systems Systems are complex and increasingly fragile

7. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 7 IT Ron Williams Data Base Management Systems Lead to Ease of Access Data Accuracy Business Efficiency Business & IT Flexibility Security Maintainability But it is Impossible to Get all Data in a Data Base Construct

8. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 8 IT Ron Williams Two Main Types of Enterprise Data Bases Operational data store – Provides storage an access for real-time transactions –Typically a relational data base Analytical data store/Data warehouse –Provides access of historical information –Typically fed by operational data store periodically, like daily – Can easily handle ad hoc queries without concern for corrupting the operational data store –Typically a relational data base

9. PPTTEST 11/18/2015 08:15 9 IT Ron Williams Data does not Equal Information Information does not Equal Knowledge Data Specific, Objective, Observation (We sold 100 units last month) Information Add Relevance and Purpose to Data (A graph showing the last 6 months Sales compared to competitors) Knowledge Add experience & rules to information (Our sales have been decreasing because our competitor introduced new products)