4. Europe Devastated Most cities in Europe were in ruins Warsaw population in 1939 was 1.3 million (after the war 153,000) Some people stayed some hit the road Agriculture disrupted by the war First post war winter brought suffering

5. Postwar Governments Some countries were able to re- establish their governments Holland, Denmark, & Norway Other countries look to go either democracy or communism France & Italy were fearful of communism and voted against it As France & Italy economies recovered, communism declined

6. Nuremberg Trials

7. 1945-46 the trials took place in Nuremberg, Germ. 22 Nazi leaders were charged with waging a war of aggression Charged with “crimes against humanity” Most of these men were found guilty (put to death) All bodies cremated in concentration camp

8. Execution at Nuremberg

10. Postwar Japan Japan in ruins with 2 million lives lost, most of the country destroyed MacArthur took charge of Japan and established a demilitarization (disbanding of the Japanese Army) MacArthur brought war criminals to trial He then brought democratization (govt. elected by the people) Braden land ownership in Japan and increase participation of workers and farmers in the new democracy

11. Changes in Japan The emperor of Japan (Hirohito) would be a figurehead Citizens elect a two house parliament Country led by a prime minister September 1951, the U.S. and other countries would sign a peace treaty with Japan WW2 enemies became allies after the war U.S. and U.S.S.R. would differ