1. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 10.6 Modeled versus observed O 3 concentrations (dotted line) from the Regional Oxidant Model.

2. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 10.7 (a) 1986 annual precipitation-weighted pH and (b) annual hydrogen ion deposition, kg ha  1. (Adapted from National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1991.)

3. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 10.8 Acid deposition schematic, showing transformation and deposition paths.

4. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 10.9 Trend of SO 2 and NO 2 annual emissions in the United States, 1970–2008. (U.S. EPA. National Emissions Inventory, Air Pollutant Emissions Trends, 1970  2008, 2009.)

5. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 10.10 Contribution (%) by states and provinces to sulfate deposition at an Adirondack receptor.

6. Copyright © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Energy and the Environment James A. Fay / Dan S. Golomb FIGURE 10.11 Reflection and scattering of light rays. Ray 1, reflected from object; Ray 2, reflected but scattered out of view; Ray 3, scattered by particles between object and observer into view; Ray 4, scattered by background particles. (Adapted from Seinfeld, J., and S. N. Pandis. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.)